Course Name
Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals
Class Schedule
MWF, 5:30 P.M. – 6:30 P.M., Room EN 101 (example only)
Course Description
This course will cover the principles of thermodynamics as applied to internal combustion engines. Topics will include the thermodynamic cycles of engines, such as the Otto and Diesel cycles, combustion processes and heat transfer in engines, and
the performance and efficiency of internal combustion engines. The course will also cover the design and analysis of internal combustion engines, including the use of computer simulation tools. Additionally, this course will also cover the
thermodynamic of modern internal combustion engines such as hybrid and electric vehicles, and alternative fuels. Upon completion of the course, students will have a thorough understanding of the thermodynamic principles governing internal
combustion engines and the ability to analyze and design internal combustion engines.
Course Prerequisite
The course on thermodynamics as applied to internal combustion engines typically has the following prerequisites:
•A basic understanding of thermodynamics: This includes an understanding of the laws of thermodynamics, thermodynamic properties, and thermodynamic cycles.
•A basic understanding of mechanics: This includes an understanding of the principles of mechanics, such as Newton's laws and energy conservation.
•Basic mathematical skills: This includes the ability to solve algebraic and differential equations, as well as knowledge of calculus.
•Basic understanding of fluid mechanics and heat transfer: This includes knowledge of fluid dynamics, convection and conduction heat transfer
•General engineering principles: Familiarity with engineering concepts and principles, including material properties, stress and strain, and the behavior of structures under loads.
It's important to note that the specific prerequisites may vary depending on the institution and instructor. It's recommended to check with the instructor or department to confirm the prerequisites for the course.
Course Credit
Course Objectives
3 units (Total Number of Hours: 54, 4 hours lecture and Zero- hour laboratory per week)
Upon completing a course on internal combustion engine thermodynamics, a student should be able to:
•Understand and apply the basic principles of thermodynamics to internal combustion engines, including the laws of thermodynamics, thermodynamic cycles, and thermodynamic properties of gases and liquids.
•Analyze the thermodynamic processes that occur within an internal combustion engine, including combustion, heat transfer, and thermodynamic efficiency.
•Design and analyze thermodynamic cycles for internal combustion engines, including the Otto, Diesel, and dual cycles.
•Understand the effects of various design and operating parameters on engine thermodynamics, such as compression ratio, combustion chamber shape, and engine speed, and use this knowledge to optimize engine performance.
•Understand the thermal management systems for internal combustion engines and the role of coolants, lubricants, and exhaust systems in engine thermodynamics.
•Understand the effects of combustion on the environment and the role of emissions control technologies in internal combustion engine thermodynamics.
•Understand the thermodynamic principles of alternative fuels and their potential impact on internal combustion engine design and performance.
•Analyze real-world internal combustion engines and systems using thermodynamic principles and methods.
•Develop an understanding of the current technologies and research trends in the field of internal combustion engine thermodynamics.
•Communicate effectively in thermodynamics-related problems, issues and solutions that relates to internal combustion engines
Main Reference
Other Reference
Lecturer
Richard StoneIntroduction to Internal Combustion Engines, 2nd Edition
Department/Area
Curriculum
Philip Earl C. Banuag, ME, MSME
E-mail: bphilipearl@gmail.com, Phone: 09229534212
College of Engineering
Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering
Vision of the University:
A premier multidisciplinary technological university
Mission of the University: The University shall primarily provide advanced professional and technical instruction for special purposes, advanced studies in industrial trade, agriculture, fishery, forestry, aeronautics and land-based programs, arts and sciences, health sciences,
information technology and other relevant fields of study. It shall also undertake research and extension services and provide progressive leadership in its areas of specialization (Sec. 2 of RA 9744).
Goal of the University
The university shall produce scientifically and technologically oriented human capital equipped with appropriate knowledge, skills, and attitudes. It shall likewise pursue relevant research strengthen linkages with the industry, community and other
institutions and maintain sustainable technology.
Institutional Outcomes
1. Ensured relevant, effective and quality education to achieve sustainable growth.
2. Increased access of quality education to the underprivileged students.
3. Improved relevant research to promote economic, environmental and sustainable development.
4. Increased community engagement.
5. Effective and efficient management of resources.
Program Outcomes :
A. Common to All Programs
1. Articulate and discuss the latest developments in the specific field of practice.
2. Communicate effectively through oral and in written forms using both English and Filipino.
3. Work effectively and independently in multi-disciplinary and multi-cultural teams.
4. Act in recognition of professional, social, and ethical responsibilities.
5. Preserve and promote “Filipino historical and cultural heritage” (based on RA 7722).
B. Common to Engineering Education
6. Apply knowledge of mathematics and sciences to solve engineering problems.
7. Design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data.
8. Design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs within realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, manufacturability, and sustainability, in accordance with standards.
9. Identify, formulate and solve engineering problems.
10. Engage in life-long learning.
Course Content
Topic
Introduction to Internal
Combustion Engines
Contents
Intended Learning Outcomes
-Fundamental Operating Principles
-Early Internal Combustion Engine
Development
-Characteristics of internal combustion
engines
-Additional types of internal combustion
engine
-Prospects for internal combusion engines
The intended learning outcome for an introduction to internal combustion
engines course would be for students to gain a basic understanding of how
internal combustion engines work, including the various components and
systems that make up the engine, the principles of thermodynamics and
combustion that drive the engine, and the factors that affect the performance
and efficiency of the engine. Additionally, students may learn about different
types of internal combustion engines, such as spark-ignition and diesel
engines, and how they are used in various applications. The course may also
cover topics such as engine design, testing and troubleshooting, and emission
control systems.
-Introduction and definitions of efficiency
-Ideal air standard cycles
-Comparison between thermodynamic and
mechanical cycles
-Additional performance parameters for
internal combustion engines
-Fuel-air cycle
-Computer models
-Conclusions
-Examples
Thermodynamic Principles -Problems
The intended learning outcome for a course on thermodynamic principles for
internal combustion engines would be for students to gain a deep
understanding of the thermodynamic concepts and principles that are specific
to internal combustion engines. They should learn how thermodynamics is
related to the performance and efficiency of internal combustion engines and
how thermodynamic cycles and processes affect the engine's performance.
Additionally, students should learn how to analyze and optimize thermodynamic
cycles for internal combustion engines. They should also learn about the
influence of combustion processes and combustion chamber design on
thermodynamics. By the end of the course, students should be able to design
and analyze internal combustion engines and related systems, and understand
the principles of combustion and emission control.
-Introduction
-Combustion chemistry and fuel chemistry
-Combustion thermodynamics
-Dissociation
-Combustion in comparison ignition
engines
-Fuels and additives
-Engine emissions
-Combustion modelling
Conclusions
-Examples
-Problems
The intended learning outcome for a course on combustion fuels for internal
combustion engines would be for students to gain a thorough understanding of
the different types of fuels used in internal combustion engines and the
properties that make them suitable for use in engines. They should learn about
the different types of hydrocarbons and alternative fuels, such as biodiesel,
ethanol, and hydrogen, and the advantages and disadvantages of each.
Additionally, students should learn about the combustion process and how it is
affected by the properties of the fuel being used. They should also learn about
the various methods of fuel delivery, fuel injection, and ignition systems. By the
end of the course, students should have a comprehensive understanding of the
relationship between fuel properties, combustion, and engine performance, and
be able to design, analyze, and optimize fuel systems for internal combustion
engines.
Combustion and Fuels
Assessment Tasks Teaching &
Learning Activities
Learning
Resources
References
Time Allocation
(hrs)
Remarks
-Seatwork
-Quiz
-Boardwork
-Homework
-Lecture
-Board work/
Discussion
-Video
Multimedia
/Whiteboard
-Main Reference
-Video
References to be
posted
3
Week 1
-Seatwork
-Quiz
-Boardwork
-Homework
-Lecture
-Board work/
Discussion
-Video
Multimedia
/Whiteboard
-Main Reference
-Video
References to be
posted
6
Weeks 1-2
-Seatwork
-Quiz
-Boardwork
-Homework
-Lecture
-Board work/
Discussion
-Video
Multimedia
/Whiteboard
-Main Reference
-Video
References to be
posted
4
Week 3
Spark Ignition Engines
Compression Ignition
Engines
Induction and Exhaust
Processes
In-cylinder Motion
-Introduction
-Combustion chambers
-Catalyst and emissions from spark ignition
engines
-Cycle-by-cycle variations in combustion
-Ignition systems
-Mixture preparation
-Electronic control of engines
-Conclusions
-Example
-Problems
The intended learning outcome for a course on spark ignition engines, also
known as gasoline engines, is for students to understand the principles of
operation and design of these internal combustion engines. This includes
knowledge of ignition systems, combustion processes, and emissions control
technologies. Additionally, students will learn about the advantages and
disadvantages of spark ignition engines compared to other types of internal
combustion engines, and the various applications in which they are used. By
the end of the course, students will have a comprehensive understanding of
spark ignition engines and their role in the automotive and other industries.
-Introduction
-Direct injection (DI) sytems
-Indirect injection (IDI) systems
-Cold starting of compression ignition
engines
-Fuel injection equipment
-Diesel engine emissions
-Conclusions
-Example
-Problems
The intended learning outcome for a course on compression ignition engines,
also known as diesel engines, is for students to understand the principles of
operation and design of these internal combustion engines. This includes
knowledge of fuel injection systems, combustion processes, and emissions
control technologies. Additionally, students will learn about the advantages and
disadvantages of compression ignition engines compared to other types of
internal combustion engines, and the various applications in which they are
used. By the end of the course, students will have a comprehensive
understanding of compression ignition engines and their role in the automotive
and other industries.
-Introduction and Exhaust Processes
-Valve gear
-Flow characteristics of poppet valves
-Valve timing
-Unsteady compressible fluid flow
-Manifold design
-Silencing
-Conclusions
-Problems
The intended learning outcome for a course on induction and exhaust
processes for internal combustion engines would be for students to gain a
comprehensive understanding of the design, operation, and performance of the
induction and exhaust systems in internal combustion engines. They should
learn about the different types of induction systems, such as naturally aspirated
and forced induction systems, and the principles that govern their operation.
Additionally, students should learn about the various components of the
induction and exhaust systems, such as intake and exhaust valves, ports, and
manifolds, and how they work together to control the flow of air and exhaust
gases in and out of the engine. They should also learn about the relationship
between induction and exhaust systems, engine performance, and emissions.
By the end of the course, students should have a solid understanding of the
design, operation, and performance of induction and exhaust systems in
internal combustion engines, and be able to analyze, troubleshoot, and optimize
these systems for specific applications.
-Introduction
Flow measurement techniques
-Turbulence
-Turbulent combusion modelling
The intended learning outcome for a course on in-cylinder motion such as
turbulence inside internal combustion engines is for students to gain a
comprehensive understanding of the turbulent flow phenomena that occur
inside the cylinder of an internal combustion engine. They will learn about the
various processes such as combustion, heat transfer, and fluid dynamics that
are affected by turbulence and how it affects engine performance. Additionally,
students will learn about the different types of in-cylinder motion such as
reciprocating, rotary, and oscillating and how they affect the turbulent flow
inside the cylinder. They will also learn about the design and analysis of engine
components such as the inlet and exhaust ports, valve timing, and combustion
chamber shape that are involved in creating and controlling the turbulent flow
inside the cylinder, and how to optimize them for specific applications. By the
end of the course, students will be able to analyze, troubleshoot, and optimize
the turbulent flow in internal combustion engines.
-Seatwork
-Quiz
-Boardwork
-Homework
-Lecture
-Board work/
Discussion
-Video
Multimedia
/Whiteboard
-Main Reference
-Video
References to be
posted
5
Week 4-5
-Seatwork
-Quiz
-Boardwork
-Homework
-Lecture
-Board work/
Discussion
-Video
Multimedia
/Whiteboard
-Main Reference
-Video
References to be
posted
5
Week 6-7
-Seatwork
-Quiz
-Boardwork
-Homework
-Lecture
-Board work/
Discussion
-Video
Multimedia
/Whiteboard
-Main Reference
-Video
References to be
posted
3
Week 8
-Seatwork
-Quiz
-Boardwork
-Homework
-Lecture
-Board work/
Discussion
-Video
Multimedia
/Whiteboard
-Main Reference
-Video
References to be
posted
4
Week 9
-Intorduction
-Zero-dimensional modelling
-Application of modelling to a turbocharged
medium-speed Diesel friction
-Conclusions
Engine Modelling
Mechanical Design
Considerations
-Introduction
-The disposition and number of the
cylinders
-Cylinder block and head materials
-The piston and rings
-The connecting-rod, crankshaft, camshaft
and valves
-Lubrication and bearings
-Advanced design concepts
-Conclusions
The intended learning outcome for a course on modeling internal combustion
engines would be for students to gain a comprehensive understanding of the
different techniques and methods used to model the behavior of internal
combustion engines. They should learn about the various mathematical models
and simulation software tools used to represent the thermodynamic, fluid
dynamic, and combustion processes in internal combustion engines.
Additionally, students should learn about the different types of models, such as
lumped parameter models, zero-dimensional models, one-dimensional models,
and multi-dimensional models, and their strengths and limitations. They should
also learn about the use of experimental data and measurements to validate
and improve the models. By the end of the course, students should be able to
develop and use models to analyze, optimize and predict the performance and
emissions of internal combustion engines for specific applications.
The intended learning outcome for a course on mechanical design
considerations for internal combustion engines is for students to understand
the mechanical design principles and methodologies used in the design of
internal combustion engines. Students will learn about the various factors that
influence the design of internal combustion engines, such as power output,
efficiency, durability, manufacturability, and cost. They will also learn about the
design of various components of internal combustion engines, such as
cylinders, pistons, crankshafts, and valve trains, and their impact on engine
performance. Additionally, students will learn about the design of engine
systems such as lubrication, cooling, air intake and exhaust systems, and how
these systems affect the overall performance of the engine. By the end of the
course, students will have the ability to design, analyze, and optimize internal
combustion engines for specific applications.
-Seatwork
-Quiz
-Boardwork
-Homework
-Lecture
-Board work/
Discussion
-Video
Multimedia
/Whiteboard
-Main Reference
-Video
References to be
posted
6
Week 10-11
-Seatwork
-Quiz
-Boardwork
-Homework
-Lecture
-Board work/
Discussion
-Video
Multimedia
/Whiteboard
-Main Reference
-Video
References to be
posted
8
Week 12-13
-Introduction
-Engine cooling
-Liquid coolant systems
-Conclusions
Heat Transfer in Internal
Combustion Engines
-Actual Hands-on Motorcycle Internal
Combustion Enginer
Application
The intended learning outcome for a course on heat transfer in internal
combustion engines is for students to gain a comprehensive understanding of
the heat transfer processes that occur in internal combustion engines and their
impact on engine performance and efficiency. Students will learn about various
heat transfer mechanisms, design and operation of engine components, impact
of heat transfer on combustion efficiency, engine emissions, and engine
durability. They will also learn about advanced heat transfer techniques such as
heat exchangers, thermal barriers, and heat recuperation, which will enable
them to analyze, troubleshoot, and optimize these systems for specific
applications. By the end of the course, students will have a solid understanding
of the heat transfer processes in internal combustion engines.
The intended learning outcome for a course on hands-on familiarization of
internal combustion engines is for students to gain practical experience in
working with internal combustion engines. Through hands-on activities,
students will learn about the components, systems, and principles of internal
combustion engines, as well as how to diagnose and troubleshoot common
engine problems. They will learn about maintenance and care of internal
combustion engines. By the end of the course, students will have a strong
understanding of the internal combustion engine and the skills necessary to
work on and maintain them.
-Seatwork
-Quiz
-Boardwork
-Homework
-Practical Quiz
-Lecture
-Board work/
Discussion
-Video
Multimedia
/Whiteboard
-Actual Demonstration Motorcyle Engine
-Main Reference
-Video
References to be
posted
6
Week 14-15
-Main Reference
-Video
References to be
posted
4
Week 16
Total Hrs
Evaluation Procedure
Grade Categories
Description of the Requirements
Weight toward the
Midterm/Final
Grade
Class Standing
Quizzes (30%) + Oral examinations (20%) + Final
Report/Project/Assignments/(Attendance) (10%)
60%
Major/Term Exam
Results of the major/term written exams on the competencies required.
40%
The Final Grade of the subject is the Average Grade of the Midterm and Final Grade. Passing Mark is 50%.
54
Homework:
Homework assignments are due at the beginning of class. Homework that is turned in late will not be accepted. Any schedule adjustments will be announced in class. One problem per page, front side only, with the final answer clearly defined. Work that is disorganized or
incomplete will not be graded or will receive a lower grade. You must display all of your work, not just the finished result. Students should never duplicate from another source, nor should they allow others to copy their work.
Exams/Quizzes:
There will be at least three main examinations, which will most likely correspond with the three major examination periods established by the University Registrar. Unannounced quizzes will be administered to help measure the student's progress. The major exam dates are
shown here; however, all dates are subject to change. Any modifications to the schedule will be announced in class. If a student must skip an exam for good reason (e.g., illness, family emergency), he or she must notify the instructor prior to the exam date. A message can be
left with the instructor at any time by phone, email, or short desk notice. Except for confirmed illness or family crises, there will be no make-up exams. Special exams may be offered for a justifiable reason and must be completed within three days.
Final Answer:
For exams, students are expected to provide clear, concise, and complete answers that demonstrate their understanding of the course material. It is important for students to show their work, if required, including any formulas, calculations, or steps taken to arrive at the final
answer. They should also be aware of the time limits and manage their time effectively to complete the exam within the given time frame. It is also important that students refrain from cheating or any other academic misconduct, during the exam they should not use unauthorized
resources, or communicate with others during the exam. It is also expected that students to bring any necessary materials such as calculator, etc.The final answer is crucial, but so are the underlying principles and solution techniques. However, because of a "minor" error, the
student should not expect significant partial credit (s). Students are encouraged to double-check their assignments.
Partial Credit & Review of Exam Grades:
If a student believes he or she is entitled to extra partial credit for an exam difficulty, he or she should visit the instructor during office hours and submit a case for adjusting the grade. Exam marks should not be erased. Students should clearly demonstrate where a mistake
occurred and how it affected their solution. To help the instructor fairly assess the exam, the student should endeavor to show what was correct on the exam and describe the method utilized on the exam. The work exhibited on the exam and accomplished throughout the exam
session must be graded by the instructor. Students are urged to offer their best explanation of what they did during the exam in order to receive the highest possible grade, but they must accept the instructor's decision. Start and finish with a pleasant mindset. All reviews of
exam grades must be completed within 24 hours of the exam being returned to the student and within two weeks of the exam being returned to the class.
Class Conduct:
Students are expected to conduct themselves in a professional and responsible manner while in class. This includes being punctual, actively participating in class discussions and activities, and following all safety guidelines. They are expected to show respect to their classmates
and instructors at all times and refrain from disruptive behavior. Additionally, students should be prepared for class and come equipped with necessary materials such as books, notes, and any other equipment required for the class. They should also refrain from using electronic
devices or engaging in other activities that would distract themselves or others unless instructed otherwise. It is important for students to maintain a positive learning environment for everyone in the class.
Scholastic Dishonesty:
Scholastic dishonesty is strictly prohibited and will result in disciplinary action, including but not limited to, unauthorized collaboration, plagiarism, fabrication, or cheating on exams or assignments. Students found guilty of such conduct will face consequences such as failing the
assignment, or even failing the course. It is expected that students will be honest in their academic work and will not engage in any form of academic misconduct.
Withdrawing from the Course
Please make yourself aware of the Registrar’s dates and policies about withdrawing from a course or withdrawing from the Institute. If you fall behind, don’t just give-up and quit attending. Contact the instructor or your course adviser and explore your options. If you drop the
course, double-check to make sure it is done properly. Habitual and excessive absences will be reported to the Department Chairperson, College Dean, and/or Guidance.
Major/Term Examinations Schedule:
To be announced in Class.
Prepared by:
Philip Earl C. Banuag, ME,
MSME