Bell Ringer
Which explorer contributed to the establishment of
Portuguese colonies in Africa and India?
A. Hernando Cortez
B. Ferdinad Magellan
C. Vasco da Gama
D. Francis Drake
*** Grab a sheet of paper and label 1-5
The novel emerged as a distinct form of literature in
Europe during the –
A. Age of Absolutism
B. Reformation
C. Industrial Revolution
D. Enlightenment
“Revolutionary government owes to all good citizens
the fullest protection the state can afford; to enemies
of the people it owes nothing but death”
- Maximilien Robespierre 12/25/ 1793
What was the immediate result of this philosophy?
A. an increase in taxes
B. a period of restored peace
C. an expansion of the justice system
D. a time of mass executions
Industrialization helped lead to the European
colonization of Africa by –
A. promoting the development of tourist markets
B. causing domestic governments to collapse
C. increasing competition for overseas markets
D. bringing the major powers into armed conflict
During the 19th Century, which change led to an
increase in the use of child labor?
A. the creation of a public welfare system
B. the development of the factory system
C. the expansion of large cities
D. the rise of wages for skilled workers
Agenda/Objectives
As the Mughal Empire declined,
Britain seizes Indian territory and soon
it controls almost the whole
subcontinent.
British Expand Control over
India
East India Company Dominates
•British East India Company rules India until 1850s
•Company has its own army led by British officers
•Army is staffed by sepoys—Indian soldiers
British Expand Control over
India
Britain’s “Jewel in the Crown”
•India is Britain’s most valuable colony, or “jewel in
the crown”
•Forced to produce raw materials for British
manufacturing
•Also forced to buy British goods
British Expand Control over
India
British Transport Trade Goods
•Railroads move cash crops and goods faster
•Trade in specific crops is tied to international events
Impact of Colonialism
•British hold much of political and economic power
•Cash crops result in loss of self-sufficiency, famine
•Indian life disrupted by missionaries and racist attitudes
•British modernize India’s economy, improve public
health
The Sepoy Mutiny
Indians Rebel
•Sepoys refuse to use cartridges of new rifles for
religious reasons
•Many Sepoys are jailed; others start Sepoy Mutiny
against British
•Many Indians, especially Sikhs, remain loyal to
British
The Sepoy Mutiny
Turning Point
•British put down rebellion, take direct command of
India
•Raj—term for British rule over India, lasts from
1757 to 1947
•Uprising increases distrust between British and
Indians
Nationalism Surfaces in
India
Call for Reforms
•In 1800s, Ram Mohun Roy leads modernization
movement
•Many Indians adopt western ways and call for social
reforms
•Indians resent being second-class citizens in own
country
Nationalist Groups Form
•Indian National Congress and Muslim League form
•Nationalists angered by partition of Bengal
-pressure forces Britain to divide it differently
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