TOPIC: Metals vs Nonmetals
Do Now: grab a lab up front and
start filling in the symbols and
atomic number for the elements
Replace Calcium with Silicon and
Manganese with Cadmium
Classifying the Elements
• 2/3 (67%) of elements are metals
• Remaining elements: non-metals & metalloids
(semi-metals)
• Metalloids:
– some properties of metals & some properties of
nonmetals
• Staircase:
– dividing line between metals & nonmetals
– elements to left are metals (except H)
– elements to right are non-metals
Properties of Metals
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Malleable – flattened into sheets
Ductile – drawn into wires & tubes
have Luster
Good Conductors of heat & electricity
Solid at room temperature (except Hg)
Metals lose electrons & form positive ions
“Metals are losers”
• Most reactive metal is Fr
• Most reactive family is Alkali Metals
So…metals don’t want electrons,
they want to get rid of them
Properties of Nonmetals
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generally gases or solids (except Br2)
solids are Brittle
solids are Dull
poor conductors of heat & electricity
Nonmetals gain electrons & form negative ions
“Nonmetals are winners”
• Most reactive nonmetal is F
– Properties: OPPOSITE of metals
So…nonmetals love electrons, they
want to take electrons
Properties of Metalloids
6 metalloids:
– 4 on right of staircase: B,Si,As,Te,
– 2 on left of staircase: Ge,Sb
Each metalloid has some metallic
and some nonmetallic properties
– Example:Si
• shiny like metal but brittle like
nonmetal
Most elements are solid at room
temperature
• GASES
– Elements that are gases at STP
Diatomics:
H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2
– Monatomics: noble gases
He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
• Liquids (only 2 at room temp.)
– Br2 (non-metal) and Hg (metal)
Allotropes
• Different forms of element in same phase
– different structures and properties
• O2 and O3 - both gas phase
–O2 (oxygen) - necessary for life
–O3 (ozone) - toxic to life
• Graphite, diamond:
–both carbon in solid form