section one developmental psych

scientific study of age related changes in behavior

the belief we are all born with an initial sin made by Augustine de hippo

the belief that we are born clean and development and experience cause us to be good or bad, philosophy made by John Locke

the belief that we are all good from birth however outside experiences can cause us to turn evil, this theory is from Jean Jacques Roseau

Detailed records Charles Darwin and other esteemed scientist's used to track the growth of children.

The sequential pattern of change in humans

the average age for developmental milestones

a test to see where the child stands when compared to the average of other children.

the belief that changes occur all throughout your lifetime.

a key element of the lifespan perspective its that individuals of all age posses the capability for positive change

3 categories of age related change

changes in size shape and characteristics of body

changes in thinking memory problem solving and other intellectual skills

changes in variables associates with relationships.

Prenatal, Infancy, Early childhood, mid childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood, late adulthood.

conception up to birth

from birth to usage of language

using language to communicate with older people and peers.

Entrance into school and the beginning of puberty.

from 12 to 18

The period between ages 20 and 40

ages 20 to 60

ages 60 and up

whether genes or the way you were brought up affect your personality.

the view that children are born with tendencies to interpret experiences a certain way

the side of the discontinuity or continuity argument that believes change is a matter of amount or degree

the side that believes that age related change involves changes in type or kind

change in characteristic

distinct period of development

changes that are common to every member of species specific to age

norms concerning aging in a community following their culture.

Prejudicial attitudes about ages that paint that age in a negative way.

historical forces that affect each generation differently

changes that result from unshared events

a period of development where the organism is especially sensitive to outside factors

a period of time where a child may be more responsive to the addition or subtraction of of factors and norms.

a group of people with a shared characteristic

Development that deviates from the typical developmental pathway in a harmful direction

a system of meanings and customs involving the lifestyle of many people all making up a community.

sets of statements that propose general principles of development

testable prediction of a future event based on a theory

characteristics that vary from person to person within the individuals or environment

research method that defines and characterizes variables and associations

observing people in their normal environments

observation of behavior under controlled conditions

an in depth examination of a single individual

a study that use's questioners to collect data

the entire group about which a researcher is attempting to learn something

a subset of a group about which a researcher is attempting to learn something

a sample that has the same characteristics to which a study's findings apply.

the tendency of survey participants to answer question in ways they believe researchers want them to.

a relationship between two variables that can be expressed as a number raging from -1.0 to +1.0

a study that involves a causal hypothesis

the group that receives the treatment thats believed to produce effect.

the group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment that produces effect.

the causal element

the behavior that is expected to be affected by the independent variable

a study with manipulated independent variables but no random assignment and control groups

a research design in which groups of people of different ages are compared

findings that result from historical factors to which one age group n a cross sectional study has been exposed

a research design in which people in a single group are studied at different times in their lives

Distortions of results due to repeated usage of the same measures with a single group.

a research design that combines cross sectional and longitudinal examinations of development.

a detailed description of a single culture or context.

an egg produces by a woman each month

abdominal organ that is the site of prenatal development

tubes through which ova travel from ovaries to uterus

cells that unite at conception

genetic material of cells

A single cell with 23 pairs of chromosomes crated after sperm touches ovum

chemical material that makes up chromosomes and genes

a segment of a chromosome that influences a particular feature or pattern

the same place on the same chromosome in every individual of the same species

the 23rd pair of chromosomes which determine the sex of the individual

one of two sex chromosomes in the human body

sex chromosome

hormones secretes by the male embryo that cause male genitals to develop

a gene on the y chromosome that produces a protein that is essential for male genitals

causes female embryos to develop male appearing genetalia

testes in males and ovaries in females

conditions in which an individuals genitalia has both female and male anatomical characteristics or inconsistent.

the determination of male or female

twins that result from a single zygote and separates into 2 parts

twins result from two separate ova and sperm

either two dominant or two recessive genes

a mix between dominant and recessive genes

a set of observable characteristics on an individual

a set of genetic blueprints

the degree which any gene influences phenotypes

a pattern of inheritance in which a dominant gene influences a persons phenotype but two recessive genes are necessary to produce that.

a chemical label that identifies each gene in a persons body as having come from one of the parents.

structures in the fluid around the nucleus of the ovum before its fertilized

the inheriting of the mitochondria by the child.

inheritance affected by genes and environment.