Inside Earth (pp. 144 – 149)
Section 5.1
Definitions
Rock
Texture
Grain
Igneous rock
Sedimentary rock
Metamorphic rock
Inside Earth (pp. 144 – 149)
Section 5.1
Label each photograph with the two terms that describe their grain shape. If the rock is finegrained it will also be either no visible grain, banded, or non-banded. If the rock is coarse grained
it will also be one of the following terms: rounded, jagged, non-banded, or banded.
Inside Earth (pp. 144 – 149)
Section 5.1
Discussion
A geologist wants to figure out what a rock is composed of. What observations will the
geologist make?
Inside Earth (pp. 150 – 153)
Section 5.2
Definitions
Extrusive
Intrusive
Porphyritic Texture
Inside Earth (pp. 150 – 153)
Section 5.2
Determine if each term or photograph describes extrusive rock or intrusive rock. Write the word
“extrusive” and the word “intrusive” next to each item.
Lava
Coarse Grain
Basalt
Most of the ocean crust
Glassy
Shield volcano
Porphyritic
Large Crystals
Fine-grain
Most of the continental crust
Lava plateau
Batholith
CHALLENGE: One of the photographs shows hardened lava. What is the name for this type of
lava?
CHALLENGE: One of the photographs shows a landform. What is the name of the landform?
Inside Earth (pp. 150 – 153)
Section 5.2
What does “ignus” mean?
What three things are used to classify igneous rocks?
Why are some igneous rocks dark and other igneous rocks light in color?
What causes some igneous rocks to have fine-grained texture and others to have coarse texture?
Inside Earth (pp. 154 – 158)
Section 5.3
Definitions
Sediment
Erosion
Weathering
deposition
Compaction
Cementation
Inside Earth (pp. 154 – 158)
Section 5.3
Clastic rocks
Organic rocks
Chemical rocks
Draw a diagram showing the process of sedimentary rock formation. Include an illustration and
label for all four steps. Make sure that all the steps are in the correct order.
Inside Earth (pp. 154 – 158)
Section 5.3
Label each of the photographs with the name of the clastic rock.
Label each of the photographs with the name of the organic rock.
Label each photograph with the name of the chemical rock.
Challenge:
What is this rock and how can it be burning? Hint: this is not a trick – the rock
really does burn and that is why energy companies want to dig it out of the earth.
Inside Earth (pp. 159 – 161)
Section 5.4
Definitions:
Coral reef
Atoll
What conditions do coral animals need to survive?
Match each photograph with the coral structure.
(All types have at least 2 answers)
____________________ Fringing reef
_____________________Barrier reef
D
_________________________ Atoll
A
E
B
F
C
G
Inside Earth (pp. 162 – 164)
Section 5.5
Foliated
nonfoliated
Inside Earth (pp. 162 – 164)
Section 5.5
Metamorphic Rock Classification
Metamorphic rock is classified by texture and composition. The texture can
be foliated or nonfoliated.
Nonfoliated:
Nonfoliated metamorphic rock contains only one mineral and is uniform in
texture
Foliated:
Foliated metamorphic rocks appeared banded or layered. Foliated rocks can
be ordered in terms of increasing metamorphism. Each change takes more
heat and more pressure.
DIRECTIONS: USE THIS INFORMATION AND THE CHART ON THE NEXT
PAGE TO IDENTIFY MINERALS AND HOW THEY ARE FORMED.
Inside Earth (pp. 162 – 164)
Section 5.5
CLASSIFICATION OF METAMORPHIC ROCKS
Parent Rock
(The starting
rock)
Rock that is
Produced
(after
pressure and
heat)
Shale
Mudstone
Siltstone
Slate
Slate
Texture of the Grain size of
resulting rock the resulting
rock
Other
characteristics
of the
resulting rock
Very fine
Smooth, dull
surfaces
Shale burns
Phyllite
Fine
Glossy
Phyllite
Schist
Medium to
Coarse
White with
dark specks
Schist
Gneiss
Medium to
Coarse
Bands
Limestone
Marble
Medium to
Coarse
Visible grain in
bands
Foliated
Nonfoliated
Quartz
Sandstone
Quartzite
Medium to
Coarse
Fused grains
In layers
(the grains are
stuck together)
Coal
Anthracite
Fine
Black, shiny
Inside Earth (pp. 162 – 164)
Section 5.5
Write the name of each rock underneath every picture. Then circle the arrow that shows which
direction the rock changes when it undergoes heat and pressure stress. The arrow tip should
point to the resulting rock and away from the parent rock.
Inside Earth (pp. 162 – 164)
Section 5.5
What properties of rock may change as the rock becomes metamorphic?
Why are you less likely to find fossils in metamorphic rocks than in sedimentary rocks?
Place the following phrases into the diagram:
Sediments build up
Igneous rock wears away
Igneous rock forms
Lava erupts
Magma forms from subducted
rock and oceanic crust
S
e
d
i
m
e
n
t
a
r
y
R
o
c
k
F
o
r
Sedimentary rock forms
Inside Earth (pp. 166 – 160)
Section 5.6
Discussion
How can plate movements move rocks through the rock cycle?
The sedimentary rocks limestone and sandstone are used as building materials. However, they
wear away more rapidly than marble and quartzite the metamorphic rocks that are formed from
them. Why do you think this is so?