Anatomy Chapt.1
Anatomical Terminology
What plane is this?
Right hypochondriac
Epigastric
Left hypochondriac
Right lumbar
Umbilical
Left lumbar
Right iliac
Hypogastric
Left iliac
B
A
C
E
D
G
F
H
I
RUQ
LUQ
RLQ
LLQ
PLAYDOUGH ACTIVITY
-MAKE A SMALL VERSION OF A HUMAN BODY
MARK OUT REGIONS
PLANES
QUADRANTS
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Root and suffix
Lip
/
emia
Root – fat suffix – blood condition
Meaning: condition of fat in the blood
Hyper
/ lip
/
emia
Prefix-excessive root-fat suffix-blood condition
Prefix is used to further modify the root.
Definition: Excessive fat in the blood.
ADDITIONAL ROOTS
Hyper / lip / o / protein/ emia
root vowel root
Definition: excessive amount of fat and protein
in the blood.
COMBINING VOWELS AND COMBINING FORMS
Vowel links the two root words to allow easier
pronunciation.
o= combining vowel (most common)
i=combining vowel
Rules for Forming and Spelling Medical
Terms
1. A combining vowel is used to join root to root
as well as root to any suffix beginning with a
consonant.
Electr + cardi + gram
Electr/o/cardi/o/gram = electrical record of the
heart
2. A combining vowel is not used before a suffix
that begins with a vowel:
Vas + ectomy
Vas/ectomy
Vas = vessel
Ectomy = escision
excision of a vessel
3. If the root ends in a vowel and the suffix
begins with the same vowel, drop the final
vowel from the root and do not use a
combining vowel:
Cardi
+
itis
Root(heart)
suffix (inflammation)
Card/itis
inflammation of the heart
4. Most often, a combining vowel is inserted
between two roots even when the second
root begins with a vowel.
Cardi +
esophag
+
eal
Root
root
suffix
Heart
esophagus
pertaining to
Cardi/o/esophageal (pertaining to the heart
and esophagus)
5. Occasionally, when a prefix ends in a vowel
and the root begins with a vowel, the final
vowel is dropped from the prefix.
Para +
enter
+
al
Prefix
root
suffix
Alongside of intestine
pertaining to
Par/enter/al = parenteral
Pertaining to alongside of the intestine
Defining Medical Terms Through Word
Structure Analysis
Interpret the suffix first, then prefix, then the
roots.
Peri
/
card
/
itis
Prefix
root
suffix
Around
heart
inflammation
Pericarditis – inflammation around the heart.
Review
1. A _________ is used to join root to root as
well as root to any suffix beginning with a
consonant.
2. A combining vowel is not used before a suffix
that begins with a ___________.
3. If the root ends in a ______ and the suffix
begins with the same ________, drop the
final vowel from the root and do not use a
combining vowel.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Angi + ectasis = angi/ectasis
Hemat + logy = hematology
Oste + ectomy = ostectomy
Electr + encephal + gram =
electroencephalogram
5. Arteri + it is = arteritis
6. Gastr + tomy = gastrotomy
Pronunciation
C (before a,o,u) = k
C (before e,i) = s
Ch = k
G (before a,o,u) = g
G (before e,i) = j
Ph=f
Pn=n
Ps=s
Pt=t
ex. Colon, cavity, cure
ex. Cephalic, cirrhosis
ex. Cholesterol
ex. Gallstone, gonad,
gurney
ex. Generic, giant
ex. Phase
ex. Pneumonia
ex. Psychology
ptosis
Rh=r
Rrh=r
X=z (as first letter)
ex. Rhythm
ex. Hemorrhoid
ex. xerosis
Singular and Plural Forms
Singular
Ending: example:
-a
vertebra
-is
diagnosis
-ma
condyloma
-on
phenomenon
-um
bacterium
-us
fungus
-ax
thorax
-ex
apex
-ix
appendix
-y
myopathy
Plural Form
Ending
-ae
-es
-mata
-a
-a
-i
-aces
-ices
-ices
-ies
example
vertebrae
diagnoses
condylomata
phenomena
bacteria
fungi
thoraces
apices
appendices
myopathies
Quick study reference
Practice worksheet
With the person you are sitting with.
Create five words of your own, using the
prefixes and suffixes we just learned. (use your
own root word)
Packet: Medical Terminology