Nursing Management
of Clients with
Stressors that Affect
Health Promotion
NUR101 Fall 2008
Lecture # 25
K. Burger, MSEd, MSN, RN, CNE
PPP By: Sharon Niggemeier RN, MS
Revised burgerk1007
Assessing Health
• Health =State of optimal functioning or well-being
• Wellness= an active process in which individuals
are aware of choices they make to lead a better life
• Illness = state in which function is impaired
compared with previous function.
• Health has many definitions:
Health
• Traditionally health and illness were
viewed as two separate entities
• 1946 W.H.O. (World Health
Organization) “the state of complete
physical, mental, and social well-being
and not merely the absence of disease
or infirmity”
• Several models of health and illness
Health - Illness Continuum
• Measures a person’s perceived level of health
• Constantly changing state
• Perception of HEALTH is influenced by
individual’s self-concept, culture, environment,
and many other internal & external variables
• High level wellness at one end, normal health in
the center and illness-death at the opposite end
Holistic Health Model
• System that considers all components of
health: promotion, maintenance, education,
illness prevention,and restorative care
• Holistic theory requires forces of nature be
kept in balance therefore holistic health
involves the total person
• Clients assuming responsibility for health
maintenance and Nurses working to promote
optimal conditions to promote health.
Basic Human Needs Model
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
all people share basic human needs
each person has unique needs
priority is usually given to
physiological needs, but may
fluctuate d/t individual perceptions
Health Promotion Model
(HPM)
• HPM- depicts the multidimensional
nature of people interacting with their
interpersonal and physical
environments when they pursue health
• This model stresses the importance of
an individuals uniqueness, behavior specific cognitions and affect, and
behavioral outcomes
Homeostasis & Adaptation
• Homeostasis-physiological and
psychological mechanisms respond to
changes in the internal and external
environment to maintain a balanced state. To
maintain health the body’s internal
environment needs a balanced state
• Adaptation- change that occurs due to a
response from stressor. Adaptation occurs to
maintain homeostasis
Influences on Health
and
Health Belief Practices
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Physical
Developmental
Emotional
Intellectual
Environmental
Sociocultural
Spiritual
Man Cold Video
http://glumbert.com/media/mancold
Effects of Illness
• Loss of
independence
• Lack of control
• Dependent on
others
• Financial
deprivation
• Family hardship
• Decreased self esteem
Planning Health Promotion
• Based on patient needs
• Needs are prioritized based on the nursing
process, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, &
growth and developmental level
• Acute Illness = short duration; severe
• Chronic Illness = persists > 6 mos
Nursing Diagnosis
• Knowledge deficit
• Ineffective health maintenance
• Readiness for enhanced therapeutic regimen
management
Nursing Interventions
• Health Promotion
• Disease Prevention
Health Promotion
•
•
•
•
•
• Factors effecting
Increase well-being
health
Maximize pt.
• Genetics
strengths
• Knowledge
Teach self-care
• Race
activities
• Culture
Increase awareness
• Age
Provide information
• Cognitive abilities
and referrals
Disease Prevention
• Primary prevention-focuses on health
promotion and protection from specific
diseases
• Purpose- decrease an individual’s risk
to disease
Disease Prevention
• Secondary prevention- focuses on
early detection and prompt
interventions to alleviate health
problems and prevent complications.
• Purpose- identify patient at early stage
and limit disability
Disease Prevention
• Tertiary prevention-focuses on
restoring/rehabilitating patient
• Purpose-to allow patient to return to
optimal level of functioning
Summary-Health Promotion
• Various models of health
care/promotion
• Health promotion based on needs
of client
• Focuses on nurses promoting
health and disease prevention