Big Question: What more than
anything shaped the lives of
early humans???
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Prehistory:
Hominid:
Anthropologist:
Paleontologist:
Archaeologist:
Artifact:
Carbon Dating:
Culture:
Technology:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Australopithecus:
Homo Habilis:
Homo Erectus:
Homo Sapiens/Neanderthal
Homo Sapiens/Sapiens-CroMagnon
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Time Period
and Location
4 million to 1
million BCE
 Primarily
found in East
Africa
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Appearance
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Brain 1/3 size of modern humans
Long arms, but humanlike legs. Walked upright
Capabilities and Skills
Bipedal: walked on two feet
 Small social groups
 Nomadic: travelled from place to place in
search of food
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When:
Where:
What:
Who discovered
her?
http://science.discovery.com/videos/100greatest-discoveries-shorts-lucy.html
Pictures from the museum in
Ethiopia
January 2011
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Also known as “Handy Man”
Time Period and Location
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2.5-1.5 million BCE
Africa
Fossil Discoveries
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Various pieces found around Africa from 1959
on
1987: partial skeleton discovered by Johanson
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Appearance
Face like AA, but
larger brain
 Apelike arms
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Capabilities and Skills
Scavenger: gathered
plants and ate meat
 First to use stone tools
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 Cut meat and crack
bones
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Time Period and
Location
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1.6 million-30,000
BCE
Asia, Africa, Europe
Fossil Discoveries

Various discoveries
in Asia and Africa
throughout 20th
century
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Also known as “Upright Man”
Appearance
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Large brain
Fully upright stance
Capabilities and Skills
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Developed new ways of using tools
 Digging, scraping
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First group to control/use FIRE
First thought to create spoken/oral language
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Time Period and Location
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100,000 to 400,000 yrs ago
Europe, western Asia and the Near East
Fossil Discoveries

First hominid skeletons found extensively in
Europe (Germany, France)
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Appearance
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Brain larger than modern humans
Stocky and short-limbed
Capabilities and skills
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Hunters and gatherers
Sophisticated tools (stone knives, spears)
Fire for protection and cooking
Burials for the dead
Nomadic
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Time Period and Location
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Fossil Discoveries
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100,000 yrs ago to the present
Over time—all around the world
1860s: First discovered in France
First early modern human
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Appearance
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Large brain
Relatively slender bones
Skills

Hunters and gatherers
 Men: meat
 Women: berries
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Advanced tools using bone, antler, and ivy
Nomadic
Cave paintings
http://www.lascaux.culture.fr/#/en/02_02.xml
1.
2.
Paleolithic: Old stone age 2.5 million
years ago-12,000 BCE
Neolithic: New stone age
8,000BCE- 5,000BCE
1. When:2 million years ago
2. Effects:: As we get more ice the oceans begin to sink. As the oceans sink land is
exposed. This created 4 large land bridges:
1. Japan and Korea were connected
2. Great Britain and Ireland were connected to Europe
3. Malay Peninsula-Indonesian Islands and Australia were connected
4. Asia and North America were connected
3. Human Responses: (1) migration to warmer places (2) new ideas for keeping
warm, fire, clothes (3) none=death!
--begins with the start of Early Man
1. People were nomadic
2. Invention of the first tools
3. Learned how to make fire
4. Lived in clans
5. Developed oral language
6. Created “cave art”
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What major advancement by
man led to the advancement
of civilization?
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How did it happen?
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Settled agriculture
Warmer climates led to more crop
growth
Why did it help man?
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Agriculture led to permanent
settlements
STOP: North turn to South – explain this!
South turn to North – what else may happen?
Definition:
Began about 10,000 years ago
(8,000 BCE)
1.
Developed agriculture
2.
Domesticated animals
3.
Used advanced tools
4.
Made pottery
5.
Developed weaving skills
Çatalhöyük: Neolithic settlement
currently under excavation in
Anatolia (modern Turkey)
CHANGE
People lived in one place and no
longer carried all possessions
Farmers could grow more food than
they needed
Land and water became valuable
economic resources
Male warriors competed for land,
water, and power.
Social
Consequence
(A) Villages, towns, and
eventually cities develop. (B)
People who could afford
material goods begin to
accumulate them
(A) People could do other
jobs (specialization of
labor) (B) Trade develops
between areas.
Warfare develops
Women lost power they had
in hunter-gatherer societies to
male warriors who could
protect them, their children
and possessions.
1. Firstvillage…that we have discovered. Probably had around
200 people or so.
2. Jericho began around…8000 BCE in the West Bank
region. Fertile land and abundant water
3. Catal Huyuk began around… 7000-6300 BCE in
Turkey. Possibly housed up to 6,000 people. Houses were
windowless and had flat roofs. WHY?
1. Plow: domesticated oxen to plow
2. Fertilizer: ashes, fish, manure
3. Loom: weaving: linen and wool
4. Wheel: transportation
5. Baked clay bricks: construction
6. Calendars: measure seasons for
planting
Definition:
1.
Cities: grew out of Neolithic farming villages in river valleys where resources
were close enough to allow development
2. Governments: (1) to organize defense (2) to make laws to regulate behavior
and (3) to supervise construction of public buildings and projects
3. Religion: to explain the workings of nature and the reasons for existence (2) often
used by the rulers to justify their decisions
4. Family: provides new membership
5.Economy: Provides GOODS and SERVICES (2) New Social Structure based on
Economic Power develops: (1) Monarchs, priests, government officials,
warriors (2) farmers, artisans and craftspeople (3) slaves
6.Education: (1) train new members (2) writing develops: primarily for record
keeping