Five Themes
of Geography
What is Geography?

Greek Word describing the earth

It studies the distribution and interaction of
physical and human features on earth

Geographers use maps to study the use of
space on earth

Tools like a legend (map key that lists and
explains symbols and colors), a compass
rose (star-like symbol showing direction –
north (N), south (S), west (W), and east (E))
or scale (shows the ratio between a unit of
length on the map and a unit of distance)
Location

Two Types

Absolute – exact place something is found


Uses imaginary lines (hemisphere,
equator, prime meridian)
Relative – place in relation of something
based on other objects around it
Place

Physical features and cultural landscape of a
location

Physical differences include climate,
landforms, and vegetation

Products of human interaction with the
environment such as building houses and
roads
Region

An area of the earth’s surface that is defined
by shared characteristics

Formal Region – limited number of related
characteristics (continental area – USA,
Africa)

Functional Region – organized by
interactions and connections between
places (city and suburbs – San Jose and
Fremont)

Perceptual Region – people perceive the
characteristics of a region in the same
way
Human – Environment
Interaction

People use what the environment offers, as
well as change the environment to meet
their needs
Movement

Three Types

Linear – How far across the earth an idea,
person or product travels

Time – How long it takes for an idea,
person, or product to travel

Psychological – The way people view
distances