Postwar America: Harry S. Truman I. Election of 1944 a. Democratic nominee => b. GOP nominee => c. Campaign focused on . . . d. Wartime successes during campaign helped FDR i. Liberation of Paris ii. Battle of . . . e. Results => II. Death of FDR a. FDR, 62 years of age in 1944, was dying => b. April 12, 1945: FDR died . . . c. His death shocked the nation III. Harry S. Truman a. From ____________________ b. No college degree c. Served in World War I, in artillery d. Elected to ______________________ from . . . e. Truman Committee => f. Selected VP in 1944 => g. VP for 82 days before . . . IV. President Truman a. Asked all members of FDR’s Cabinet to stay => b. Famous quotes i. “The ____________ stops here” ii. “If you can’t take the heat . . .” c. Avid walker through DC => d. Called “the common man’s common man” => V. Truman’s foreign policy challenges a. United Nations => b. Soviet Union i. Aggressively spreading . . . ii. Truman Doctrine: established policy of . . . iii. US would support … c. Recognition of Israel, May 14, 1948 => d. Rebuilding Europe: The Marshall Plan i. Reconstruction of ... ii. “Softer” side of ___________________ ___________________ iii. Great success 1. Resisting communism => 2. Helping Europe rebuild => e. Cold War i. Truman started policy of confronting … ii. Re-organized military services => iii. Created ______________ iv. Created … VI. Truman: Domestic Transition a. Goals of administration for postwar America i. Make transition from wartime . . . ii. Resume and extend . . . b. Fear: Returning vets would cause … c. “GI Bill of Rights” (1944) would aid . . . i. Education => ii. Housing => iii. Business => iv. Farms => v. Up to one year of _____________________________________ d. Employment Act of 1946 i. First government effort to . . . ii. Goals 1. Promote . . . 2. Promote . . . 3. Promote . . . iii. Created Council of Economic Advisors => iv. Created Joint Economic Committee => VII. Resurgent Republican Party a. Post war problems in US i. Inflation . . . ii. Labor unrest => iii. Wartime economic controls in place => iv. World tensions => b. “Voter fatigue” i. After 14 years of unified Democratic control . . . ii. GOP slogan => c. 1946 Congressional midterm elections i. House => ii. Senate => iii. Last time this had happened => VIII. Legislative Accomplishments of the “Do Nothing Congress” a. Congressional approval of the 22nd Amendment => b. Taft-Hartley Act i. Allowed states to adopt . . . ii. Drove communists out of labor movement => iii. Adjusted balance of NLRA . . . iv. Unions HATED IT!!! => c. Ended wage, price controls => d. Passed major tax cut => IX. Truman and Civil Rights a. Established Commission to study issue that issued recommendations i. Create _____________ ___________________ Commission ii. Punish . . . iii. Abolish . . . iv. Create _________________ __________________________ Commission b. Recommendations blasted by Southern Democrats => c. Truman issued 1948 Executive Orders, just before election i. Desegregated … ii. Desegregated … X. 1948 Election a. Truman ran on promise of a “________________ ______________________” i. National . . . ii. Repeal of _________________ _____________________ iii. Aggressive civil rights laws b. GOP: Thomas Dewey (again) i. Controlled the . . . ii. Ran a low key campaign c. “Dixiecrats” => i. Candidate was ____________ _____________________ ii. Platform: continue racial segregation iii. Knew they wouldn’t win => d. Progressive Party i. Henry Wallace => ii. Platform: Accommodation with ___________ _______________ => e. Three way split in Democratic Party => f. GOP unified, in control of Congress => g. Result => i. Dems . . . ii. Famous headline => XI. Truman’s Second Term a. Dominated by ____________________________ _____________________________ b. Berlin Airlift => c. Formation of ____________, 1949 => d. Founding of … e. Soviet espionage and the A-Bomb => f. Korean War => g. Support for French in ___________________