TASK 1
Romanian team:
Şutu
Oana
Andrei Bianca
Rusu
Ioana
Photovoltaic solar energy is the energy produced through photovoltaic
cells, which convert the sunlight directly into electric energy.
Why photovoltaic energy?
Because all human activities depend on electric energy;
It is necessary to have an unconventional energy, renewable,
easily accessed and without high costs;
The required primary energy of humanity in 2006 was 1.0 × 1014
kWh/year. The Sun provides approximately 1.1 × 1018kWh, so
13.000 more times than needed;
In our city the idea of setting up a photovoltaic central, dates
since November 2009. Then it was approved the construction
project of a photovoltaic plant with a power of 2.9946 MW;
The installations will occupy 3.6 hectares of land;
The works began in May 2013;
The bottom table shows the characteristics of the future plant.
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Yet, in our city we have photovoltaic panels on:
1. Private constructions,
2. Public institutions (schools, kindergartens, polyvalent hall) etc.
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THE ADVANTAGES OF PHOTOVOLTAIC PLANTS
Long life time and functioning, approximately 25
years;
Are depreciated over time, amortization period
depends on the technology used;
Low running costs: The photovoltaic elements use
sunlight-free fuel;
Ecological: do not consume fossil fuel, so do not
pollute the environment;
Inexhaustible source;
Technology without noise pollution.
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Solved tasks
1.
Water power plant
η =0.85(85%)
ρ=103 kg/m3
Q=150m3/s
g=9.81m/s2
h=100m
P= η * Q *ρ *g*h
P=0.85*150 m3/s *103kg/m3
*9.81 m/s2*102
m=125.0775·106 w
P=125·106w - power of a 1
Francis turbine
Ptotal=2·125 ·106w = 250·106w
Photovoltaic panel - the power
of solar radiation (in a sunny day)
at the surface of the photovoltaic
panel angled to 30 degrees it is
1000 W/m2. A voltaic park /
photovoltaic plant of 10 km2 will
have the power:
Pf =1000 W/m2 *107 m2= 1010 w
Conclusion:
Pf/ Ptotal=1010 w/ 250·106w = 40
Photovoltaic plant provides 40
times more electric power than
hydro plant for 10 km2.
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2.
W=P*t
The energy W water power plant per year:
250*106w* 365 days*24 hours=219*106 kwh
The energy W photovoltaic plant per year: 1010
w* 365 days*24 hours= 8760 *106 kwh
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3.
The water power plant Stejaru (15 km of our city) it is
powered by the waters of the biggest artificial lake arranged
on the inland rivers.
C h a r a c t e r i s t i cs : Stejaru central is semi air type and
includes six generating groups of Czech manufacturing, with
Francis turbines with vertical shaft: four turbines with a
power of 27.50 MW and two turbines of 50 MW.
debit -178 m3/sec,
high -127 m
surface, S – 310km2
the length of the lake-35 km
width comprised- between 200 and 2000 m
the maximum volume - 1250*109 m3
P installed =210 Mw
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THE NEARLY PHOTOVOLTAIC PLANT:
PV Output: 1.001,88 kWp
Gross/Active PV Surface Area:
7.093,96 / 7.109,36 m²
PV Array Irradiation: 10.201.141 kWh
Energy Produced by PV Array (AC):
1.148.878 kWh
Grid Feed-in: 1.148.878 kWh
System Efficiency: 11,2 %
Performance Ratio: 79,3 %
Inverter Efficiency: 94,7 %
PV Array Efficiency: 11,8 %
Specific Annual Yield:1.138 kWh/kWp
The performance for m2:
The water power plant
Stejaru:
W/m2 = (210*106w*365
days*24 hours)/310m2 =
1839600Kwh/310*103m
2= 5.93 Kwh/ m2
Photovoltaic plant:
1148878Kwh/ 7.109,36
m²=161.60 Kwh/ m2
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4.
10 km2 = 1000 hectares
The medium production of wheat on hectare is 3.46 tones
=> for 10 km2 we have 3460 tones
The medium production of corn for one hectare is 3.86
tones => for 10 km2 we have 3860 tones
The medium production of potatoes is 15.12 tones => for
10 km2 is 15120 tones
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