Unit 4: Animal Systems
Lesson 6: Introduction to Respiration
Breathing:
 We take about __________breaths per minute
 You take between _________________ million breaths per lifetime
Air:
We breath in a mixture of gases:
 ___% Nitrogen ___% Oxygen ___% Argon ____% Carbon Dioxide
 Other trace amounts of gases
But it’s the OXYGEN that our cells need!
 Cells use __________ to obtain energy from food through a process called______________
_______________. Energy is released in a cell when __________ (sugar molecule) reacts with
oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water.
Aerobic Cellular Respiration: series of chemical reactions that occur in the cell that provide ________
and consume ______________.
C6H12O6 + 6O2
6CO2 +
6H2O + energy
glucose + oxygen
carbon dioxide + water +
energy
Energy Distribution:
___% is released as _________________ or energy that helps animals maintain a constant body
temperature.
___% of the energy is stored in molecules called _______ (adenosine triphosphate)
Cells use ATP to power almost all of their energy requiring processes:



Chemical Reactions Involving ATP:

1 glucose yields, _____ molecules of ATP
ATP is formed when energy from the breakdown of glucose is used to add a phosphate group to
the ADP (adenosine diphosphate) molecule in a process called phosphorylation.
Expanded form of Cellular Respiration:


C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 36ADP
+ 36 Pi
glucose + oxygen + adenosine + phosphate
diphosphate
6CO2
+ 6H2O + 36 ATP + thermal energy
carbon dioxide + water + adenosine +thermal energy
triphosphate
Simple Organisms:
 In ‘simple’ organisms like jellyfish and sponges, oxygen from the environment ____________
____________ into the cells through the cell membrane and carbon dioxide diffuses out into
the environment
How do cells get the oxygen in order to make cellular respiration possible?
 Ventilation: the process in more complex organisms that ensures a flow of oxygen-rich air to the
lungs. (aka: breathing)

Gas Exchange: the processes whereby the body cells obtain oxygen and get rid of carbon
dioxide. (aka: diffusion of gases)

In humans, fish and other large multi-cellular organisms, gas exchange occurs in two locations


The human respiratory system has four important structural features that enable it to function
properly:
 A _______ _________________ respiratory membrane through which diffusion can occur
 A ___________ ______________ __________ for gas exchange
 A good supply of ______________
 A ____________ __________for bringing oxygen-rich air to the respiratory membrane
Solution: