CHAPTER 1
Tourism means the processes, activities, and outcomes arising from the relationships and the
interactions among the tourists, tourism suppliers, host governments, host communities, and
surrounding environments that are involved in the attracting and hosting of visitors.
FOUR Different perspectives of Tourism....
1. TOURIST: seek for psychic + physical experiences and satisfactions
2. BUSINESS: provide tourist goods and services
3. GOVERNMENT OF THE HOST COMMUNITY: run the policy, development, promotion, implementation
4. HOST COMMUNITY: receive both positive and negative effect.
WTO Definition of Tourism...
comprises the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for
not more than one consecutive year for leisure (entertainment), business and other purposes.
VISITOR ... defined as those person who travel to a country other than that in which they have
their usual residence but outside their usual environment for a period not exceeding twelve months and
whose main purpose of visit is other than the exercise of an activity remunerates from within the place
visited.
Form of tourism: 3 types
1. Domestic Tourism: travelling within our own country
2. Outbound Tourism: travelling to another country
3. Inbound Tourism: foreigner travel into our country
Classes of traveler...
1. Same-Day Visitors or Excursionists: staying less than 24 hours in the destination visited
2. Tourists: staying at least 24 hours in the destination visited (more than 1 day)
Types of Businesses: Linking Concept
1. Direct Providers: business deal directly with the customers
2. Support Services: Support number1 and deal indirectly with customer
3. Developmental organizations: support by many organization/ business
Components of Tourism and Tourism management
1. TOURIST = is the heart of the tourism phenomenon model, seek travel experiences.
2. NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT:
2.1 Physiographic = how it look like? ... about the landscape
2.2 Climate = about the weather
2.3 People = who belong to that place and who visit to that place
3. BUILT ENVIRONMENT:
3.1 Culture: past environment and its current way of life
3.2 Infrastructure: basic things build to serve local people but visitors can also use
3.3 Superstructure: facilities built for the visitors but local people can also use
3.4 Technology: serve both local and visitor
3.5 Governance: policy and planning
4. OPERATING SECTORS: Transportation, Accommodation, Food and Bev, Attractions, Events, Adventure
and Outdoor recreation, Entertainment, Trade sector, Tourism Services
5. SPIRIT OF HOSPILATLITY: delivering high-quality, memorable experiences ---- staffs are being trained to
provide services to tourist with fairness, respect, and politeness ---- and behave as a friendly host
BENEFITS of Tourism
ECONOMIC
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Provides employment opportunities
Generates foreign exchange
Increases Incomes
Increases GNP
Can be built on existing infrastructure
Develops an infrastructure that will also help stimulate local commerce and industry
Can be developed with local products and resources
Diversifies the economy
Tends to be compatible with other economic activities
Spreads development
High multiplier impact
Increases governmental revenues
CULTURAL
 Reinforces preservation of heritage and tradition
 Visitor interest in local culture provides employment for artists, musicians and other performing
artists enhancing cultural heritage
 Breaks down language barriers, sociocultural barriers, class barriers, racial barriers, political
barriers, and religious barriers
 Creates a favorable worldwide image for a destination
 Promotes a global community
 Promotes international understanding and peace
SOCIAL
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Broadens educational and cultural horizon
Improves quality of life - higher incomes and improved standards of living
Justifies environmental protection and improvement
Provides tourist and recreational facilities that may be used by a local population
DISADVANTAGES of Tourism
ECONOMIC
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Develops excess demand
Results in high leakage
Creates difficulties of seasonality
Causes inflation
Can result in unbalanced economic development
Increases vulnerability to economic and political changes
CULTURAL
 Demonstration effects
 Culture conflicts
 Commercializes culture, religion, and the arts
SOCIAL
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Creates social problems
Degrades the natural physical environment and creates pollution
Degrades the cultural environment
Threatens family structure
Commercializes culture, religion, and the arts
Creates misunderstanding
Creates conflicts in the host society
Contributes to disease, economic fluctuation, and transportation problems