CHAPTER 2
Designing and Planning
Technology-Enhanced
Instruction
Building an Effective
Learning Environment
What is the Learning Environment?
It is an environment where all conditions,
circumstances and influences affect the
learner’s development.
Instructional Learning
System.
What is an Instructional Learning System?
This is a carefully planned, step-by-step
process to design, create, evaluate and
revise instructions.
Systems Approach - DPA
The components of the DPA system are:
Design – Designing the Instruction
Plan – Articulating specific lesson plans
Act – Developing an instructional action plan
DPA -Design - DID Model
Robert Gagne’, the leading figure in
instructional design systems and
known for his application of systems
thinking to instructional design. His
DID system is built around a
continuous internal and external
feedback loop.
Dynamic Instructional
Design (DID) Model
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Know the learner
State your objectives
Establish the learning environment
Identify teaching and learning
strategies
Identify and select technologies
Make a summative evaluation
Dynamic Instructional
Design (DID) Model
1)
Know the learner
Dynamic Instructional
Design (DID) Model
1)
2)
Know the learner
State your objectives
Bloom’s Taxonomy

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
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
Knowledge – identify, name, define, state, label
Comprehension – explain, match, illustrate,
compare, relate,
Application – apply, solve, interpret, classify,
discover
Analysis – Analyze, examine, contrast, infer,
research, construct
Synthesis – combine, hypothesize, design, develop,
originate, formulate, invent, produce
Evaluation – assess, weigh, critique, consider,
judge, recommend.
Dynamic Instructional
Design (DID) Model
1)
2)
3)
Know the learner
State your objectives
Establish the learning environment
Dynamic Instructional
Design (DID) Model
1)
2)
3)
4)
Know the learner
State your objectives
Establish the learning environment
Identify teaching and learning
strategies
Teaching Strategies are the methods you will use to
assist your students in achieving the objectives
Learning Strategies are the techniques and activities
that you will require your students to engage in to
master the content
Pedagogy is the actual function of teaching, or what
teachers do when implementing their craft to assist
their students’ learning
Dynamic Instructional
Design (DID) Model
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Know the learner
State your objectives
Establish the learning environment
Identify teaching and learning
strategies
Identify and select technologies
Dynamic Instructional
Design (DID) Model
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Know the learner
State your objectives
Establish the learning environment
Identify teaching and learning
strategies
Identify and select technologies
Make a summative evaluation
DPA - Plan - Lesson plan
While the instructional design provides
the overall view it is the lesson plan
that provides the day-to-day focus on
what will happen in the classroom.
Here you ready the learners, target
the specific objectives of that lesson
and prepare the lesson.
DPA- Instructional Action
Plan - IPA
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

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

Getting the classroom ready
Listing teaching-learning activities
Identifying learner preparation activities
Creating person prompts
Listing support technologies
Listing feedback instruments
Detailing follow-up activities