ET 002
INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
8/23/99
PSU Altoona
Components of
Computer System
Hardware
Software
Data
People
Procedures
Information
Systems
2
Data Hierarchy
Bit
Byte
Field
Record
File
Data Base
0 or 1 (digital / binary)
7-8 bits (one character)
Related group of bytes
Group of related fields
Group of related records
Set of related files vs. Data
Base Management System
(DBMS)
3
4
Computer: Collection of
Electronic Devices
Run by instructions
in its own memory
Accepts & processes
data, a.k.a. _______
Result: information,
a.k.a. ____________
Can store results
5
Information Processing
Cycle
6
Information Processing:
Main Computer Components
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Input or Output Device?
8
Central Processing Unit
(CPU)
9
Inside the Central
Processing Unit (CPU)
Power supply
Motherboard
Network card (CLRC)
Modem card (home)
Expansion slot
SIMMS slot: extra
memory
Microprocessor chip
(Top speed : 450 500 megahertz)
RAM (Random Access
Memory)
Primary main
memory; holds info
while you use a
program
Volatile: gone when
power goes off
ROM (Read Only
Memory) - loads
operating system at 10
start-up; never lost
Measuring
Storage Capacity
1,000 bytes
KB - kilobyte
1,000,000 bytes
MB - megabyte
1,000,000,000 bytes
GB - gigabyte
(thousand memory
locations)
(million memory
locations)
(billion memory
locations)
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Input or Output Devices?
12
Display Device:
Screen, Monitor, or CRT
Input or
Output
Device?
13
Auxiliary Storage Device
3 1/2- inch floppy
disk = portable
storage
Floppy drive
is called
_______ drive
Buy formatted
double-sided HIGH
density floppy disks
(2HD)
Put labels on (2)
Write name on (2)
Bring (2) to lab
14
Auxiliary Storage Device:
Hard Drive
Hard disk drive
Usually not
portable
Hard drive is
called
_______ drive,
usually
15
Organization of Disk
Storage: Tracks and Sectors
Formatting
creates
tracks and
sectors
Floppy disk:
80 tracks
per side,
18 sectors
per track
16
Auxiliary Storage Device:
CD-ROM
CD-ROM =
_____________
Stores large
amounts of
prerecorded info
Multimedia:
text, graphics,
audio, animation,
video
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Auxiliary Storage Device:
DVD-ROM
DVD-ROM =
__________________
__________________
Better storage
capacity, better video
quality than
__________________
18
System Software:
(GUI) Operating System
Win 95/Win 98/Win NT (GUI) stands for
___________________
Load (boot) operating
system into memory
Icons = visual cues
from storage:
Clears RAM
Reloads operating
system from disk to RAM
Cold Start = boot (On)
Warm Start = re-boot
(Ctrl+Alt+Del)
19
Networks & 208 Force T
(LAN, WAN, and WWW)
Boot operating system: Penn State (UP) server
Loads Local Area
Network (LAN) software
Machines share printer
using local server
Wide Area Network (WAN)
of PSU locations
Connects to World Wide
Web (WWW) via PC’s
internet browser software,
_________________
20
Applications Software
(Microsoft Office 97)
Microsoft Word 97
Word processing
Microsoft Excel 97
Electronic
spreadsheet
Microsoft Access 97
Database
Microsoft PowerPoint 97 Presentation
graphics
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