Emergency Procedures
for Beech Bonanzas and Debonairs
Single-Engine Emergencies
• Stimulate thought and visualization
• Avoid confusion and panic
• Thinking through emergency scenarios ahead
of time
• Reinforce knowledge of aircraft systems and
procedures
Two Types of “Emergencies”
• Abnormal conditions
• True emergencies
Two Types
of “Emergencies”
True emergencies
• Engine failures
• Fires
• Autopilot malfunctions
• Split-flap condition
• Door open on takeoff
1.
Cabin door unlatches
2.
Manual landing gear
extension
3.
Electrical system
failure
4.
Engine power
loss/forced landing
Priority of Actions
•
•
•
•
Maintain aircraft control
Analyze the situation
Continue to control the aircraft
Take the appropriate action
Door Open on Takeoff
Door Open in Cruise Flight
• Maintain aircraft control
• Land to secure the
door
• Added drag, added fuel
to destination
• Pattern considerations
• CHECK LANDING
GEAR!
Landing Gear Malfunctions
Possibilities:
• Landing gear motor failure
• Manual gear hand crank obstruction
• Bent or broken gear system push rod or rod
end
Landing Gear Malfunction
Do’s and Don’ts
• Do NOT cycle the gear
• DO climb to a safe altitude
• DO use the POH Emergency checklist
BANG!
• Reference the Landing
Gear Manual Extension
checklist
• Perform all steps to
beginning the crank
• Turn the hand crank onehalf to three-quarters of a
turn
• Stow the hand crank and
reset the breaker
If the gear will not extend,
start the checklist over
and extend the landing
gear fully by hand.
Manual Extension Technique
•
•
•
•
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Follow the checklist!
Slow the airplane to 100 – 110 knots
Turn the hand crank approximately 15 turns
Sit up, confirm attitude, look for traffic
Add 1 to 2” MP
Manual Extension: a Technique
Repeat the technique:
•
Crank 15 turns
•
Confirm attitude
•
Look for traffic
•
Add 1 to 2” MP
Then:
•
Crank 10 turns (it will get harder)
•
Confirm attitude
•
Look for traffic
•
Add 1 to 2” MP
And finally:
•
Crank 10 turns or until it will go no further
•
Confirm attitude
•
Look for traffic
•
Add 1 to 2” MP
• Avionics begin to dim
• NAV flag on HSI or OBS
• Odd odor
Electrical Fire
What do you lose?
•
•
•
•
•
•
Turn coordinator
HSI
Electric attitude indicator
Autopilot
Communications and navigation
Engine gauges and fuel indicators
Now what?
•
•
•
•
•
•
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Ventilate the cabin
Fire extinguisher
Emergency descent
Land as soon as possible
Turn on only what you absolutely need
Gear extension
No-flap landing
Night/IMC
• Flashlights
• Handheld comm radio with
external antenna
• Handheld GPS
• Land as soon as practical
• Fly toward improving weather
Engine Failures
Consider…
Propeller Overspeed
• Throttle – RETARD TO PROPELLER RED
LINE
• Airspeed – REDUCE
• Oil Pressure – CHECK
• Land – NEAREST SUITABLE SITE
Priority of Actions
• Maintain control of the airplane
• Analyze the situation
• Take corrective actions
Total NTSB Reports and
Engine Failures
700
600
500
400
Reports
300
Engine Fail
200
100
0
1980s
1990s
2000s
Engine Failures and Fuel
450
400
350
300
250
Engine Failure
Fuel Related
200
150
100
50
0
1980s
1990s
2000s
Other Engine Failure Causes
• Mechanical failures (cylinders, propellers,
etc.)
• Maintenance issues in the fuel system
• Ignition and oil systems
• Undetermined
Who owns the airplane?
THE INSURANCE COMPANY
What is your job?
CONTINUE TO
FLY THE AIRPLANE
Pilot Action Plan
• Maintain control of the airplane
• Aim for an emergency landing site
• Perform the memory steps of the Engine Failure in
Flight checklist
• Attempt to restart the engine
• Maximum Glide configuration
• Landing Without Power checklist
• Passenger evacuation
• Contact help and ATC
Best Glide
• PITCH for Best Glide
– 105 to 110 knots for most; as low as 90
mph in some
– Reduces with airplane weight
– 6 degrees nose low attitude
• Gear and Flaps: UP
• Propeller: PULL FULLY AFT
• TRIM
Pilot Action Plan
• Maintain glide speed and attitude
• Switch to a MAIN fuel tank you know contains
fuel
• Aim for an emergency landing site
Attempt a Restart
If time and altitude permit:
•
•
•
•
Verify the fuel selector valve
Mixture control
Auxiliary fuel pump
Alternate air handle (when equipped)
Forced Landing
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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Continue to your landing site
MAYDAY call if time permits
Fuel selector OFF
Mixture control IDLE CUTOFF
Magnetos OFF
Brief your passengers
Tighten seat belts and shoulder harnesses
Flaps and landing gear
Battery and Alternator/Generator OFF
Fly until the airplane stops moving
How far can I glide?
What rate of descent
should I expect?
Radius of glide
Straight-in key
Base key
1000 ft AGL
800 ft AGL
High key
2500 ft AGL
Downwind key
1500 ft AGL
Touchdown
• Aim about 1/3 of the way into your landing
zone
• Land with as little energy as possible
Touchdown Considerations
•
•
•
•
Seat belts and shoulder harnesses
Touch down aligned with the landing surface
Extend the landing gear
Fuel and electrical switches OFF
Touchdown Considerations
• Wings level
• Nose up
“Fly the thing as far into the crash as possible”
– Bob Hoover
Physics at Touchdown
KINETIC ENERGY = ½ mass x (velocity squared)
- all this has to be dissipated somewhere at impact
Example--weight 3000 pounds
Touchdown GS (kts)
KE (ft-lbs)
% change
Normal (65 kts)
562,128
0
Downwind (80 kts)
851,508
+52%
Into the wind (50 kts)
332,620
-41%
Impact G-Forces
Speed (kts)
Minimum
distance for
9Gs
Gs per 1 ft
of travel
G per 50 ft
of travel
G per 100 ft
of travel
50
12
111
2.2
1.1
65
21
188
3.75
1.9
80
32
234
5.7
2.9
100
49
443
8.9
4.4
Seat belt design strength is about 9Gs
Engine Failure on Takeoff
• Expect the engine to fail every time
• Mentally review your Action Plan just before
you line up
• Climb at full power and Vy to at least 1000
feet AGL
• More altitude = more options
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•
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Maintain control of the airplane
Push for airspeed
Aim for your pre-planned emergency field
Switch tanks
Auxiliary fuel pump
Maintain control
Flaps DOWN
Landing gear DOWN
Fuel and electrical OFF
FIRE!
FIRE!
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•
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•
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Memorized checklist
Mixture: IDLE CUTOFF
Fuel selector: OFF
Transition to Maximum Glide
Emergency Descent
One more time…
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•
•
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Maintain aircraft control
Analyze the situation
Continue to control the aircraft
Take the appropriate action
Complete your training and
fly with the Beech experts!
See www.bppp.org
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