Pharos University In Alexandria
Faculty of Mass communication
Communication Skills
Dr. Enjy Mahmoud
Week #:1
Lecture #:1
Fall 2013-2014
By Dr Enjy Mahmoud
Course description
 Concept of Communication
 Communication process
 Concept of Communication Skills
 listening skills
 Body Language
 Speaking skills
 Presentation skills “ORAL PRESENTATION”
 TAKING AND MAKING NOTES
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 READING SKILLS
 Skimming and Scanning Skills.
 Intensive and Extensive Reading.
 Coping with Unfamiliar Words.
 WRITING SKILLS
 Referencing Skills.
 Composition Writing.
 Writing Curriculum Vitae (CV) and Minutes
Definition of communication
The art of being able to structure and transmit a message in a way
that another can easily understand and/or accept
 Communication is the process of sharing our ideas, thoughts, and
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feelings with other people and having those ideas, thoughts, and
feelings understood by the people we are talking with. When we
communicate we speak, listen, and observe
The exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech,
signals, writing, or behavior.
Schramm defines communication as a tool makes societies possible
and distinguish human from other societies.
The successful transmission of information through a common system
of symbols, signs, behavior, speech, writing, or signals .
Any form of expressive contact, and includes oral, written or
electronic communication
 The process of creating and exchanging meaning
through symbolic interaction.
 As a process communication constantly moves and
changes. It does not stand still.
 Meaning involves thoughts, ideas, and understandings
shared by communicators.
 Symbolic means that we rely on words and nonverbal
behaviors to communicate meaning and feelings.
Five Principles of Communication
 Communication is transactional because it involves an
exchange.
 If I go to the store to get a coke, I exchange money to the
cashier for the coke. I give something and get
something in return. Communication is the same… you
have to give and receive for communication to happen.
 Communication is complex for several reasons.
 It is interactive because many processes are involved.
 It is symbolic because symbols are open to interpretation.
 It is personal & cultural because a person’s culture can add a new or
different meaning to a phrase or gesture.
 It is irreversible because once a message is sent, it cannot be taken
back.
 It is circular because it involves both original messages and
feedback which is necessary to confirm communication.
 It is purposeful because there is always a reason behind a message
and it helps meet our needs.
 It is impossible to duplicate because each interaction is unique.
 Communication is unavoidable because it is
impossible to not communicate.
 You are communicating constantly even when you do
not intend to communicate. You communicate by the
way you sit or move, by the way you speak, by what you
wear, by your actions…. Even when you sleep in class,
you’re communicating that you are bored or that you
don’t care.
 Communication is continuous because it continues to
impact and influence future interactions and shape
our relationships.
 Have you ever gotten off to a wrong start with someone?
Has it taken a lot of time to perhaps overcome
someone’s negative opinion of you?
 Has someone ever said something to you that hurt your
feelings and you’ve always remembered it and think
about it when you see that person?
communication based on number
of persons :
communication based on number of
persons
 1) Intrapersonal communication .
 2) Interpersonal communication .
 3) Group communication .
4) Mass communication .
 Intrapersonal communication :
 Intrapersonal communication In this the person talks to
one’s own self It involves thinking, imagining & solving
problems It takes place in the mind of a person
Introspection, meditation are other forms through which
person talks to self & to almighty. It helps to form positive
attitude & understand one’s self
 Interpersonal communication :
 Interpersonal communication It states interaction between
2 or more people Most significant is face to face It is more
effective It involves exchange of words, display of
gestures
 Group communication :
 Group communication It can be large or small group
communication depending on the objective of communication
Large group: a group of 200 workers may be collected to deliver a
message related to prevention of TB. In this workers listen the
speech in a stipulated time but no feedback is given Small group:
like staff meetings, health talks
 Mass communication :
 Mass communication It works when a message has to travel from
its source to large no. of people over distance Mediums may be:
Print media: newspaper, magazines Electronic: radio, TV, video,
Email It plays a major role in changing attitudes & beliefs of
people
Barriers to communication
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Noise
Inappropriate medium
Assumptions/Misconceptions
Emotions
Language differences
Poor listening skills
Distractions
references
 • Marsha J. Ludden, Effective Communication Skills:
Essential Skills for Success in Work and Life 2nd
Edition.
• Ministry of Education and Vocational Training
(2007), Communication Skills, Tanzania Institute of
Education, Dar es Salaam
 Effective Communication Skills for Highway and
Public Works Officials by Toni Rosenbaum Cornell
Local Roads Program 416 Riley-Robb Hall Ithaca, New
York 14853-5701
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Booher, Dianna Daniels: Communicate With Confidence! - How to Say It Right the
First Time and Every Time. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994.
Dubrin, Andrew J: Stand Out! : 330 Ways For Gaining The Edge With Bosses, Co-Workers, Subordinates, And
Customers. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1993.
Hathaway, Patti: Giving and Receiving Feedback: Building Constructive Communica-tion. Menlo Park: Crisp Learning,
1998.
Patterson, Kerry: Crucial Conversations: Tools For Talking When Stakes Are High.
New York: McGraw-Hill, 2002.
Stone, Douglas: Difficult Conversations-How To Discuss What Matters Most. New York:
Penguin Books, 1999.
Tannen, Deborah: That’s Not What I Meant! : How Conversational Style Makes Or
Breaks Your Relations With Others. New York: Ballantine Books, 1992.
Ellis, Richard: Communication Skills: Stepladders To Success For The Professional.
Bristol: Intellect Books, 2002.
Genua, Robert L: Managing Your Mouth: An Owner’s Manual for Your Most Important
Business Asset. New York: AMACOM Books, 1992.
Harvard Business Review On Effective Communication. Boston: Harvard Business
School Press, 1999.
Lustberg, Arch: How To Sell Yourself: Winning Techniques For Selling Yourself, Your
Ideas, Your Message. Franklin Lakes: The Career Press, 2002.
Tingley, Judith C: The Power Of Indirect Influence. New York: AMACOM Books. 2001.
Weiss, Donald H: Why Didn’t I Say That? : What To Say And How To Say It In Tough
Situations On The Job. New York: AMACOM Books, 2004