FACS Unit 2:
Individual and Family Relationships
Self-Concept
• How you feel about yourself
• Influences the way others see you, too!
• Can be positive or negative.
2.2
Characteristics of Positive Self-Concept
• Respectful (of self and others)
• Reliability
• Responsible
• Self-control
2.2
Characteristics of Positive Self-Concept
• Goal-oriented
• Avoids blaming others for mistakes
• Resolves conflicts in a positive manner
• Takes care of themselves
Characteristics of Negative Self-Concept
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Have self doubt/negative attitude
Easily persuaded by peer pressure
Doesn’t take care of health
Has poor relationships skills
Feels that the world is against them
Feels that there is no hope for improvement
2.2
Effects of Self-Concept on Health
• Negative self-concept has negative impact
– Chronic illnesses such as diabetes, heart disease,
high blood pressure can be linked to poor self
esteem and stress
– May also lead to depression
2.2
Effects of Self-Concept on Health
• Positive self-concept has positive impact
– People who feel good about themselves are more
likely to take care of their bodies.
– People with a good self concept are less likely to
engage in activities that risk personal health
2.2
Improving Self-Concept
• What things can a person do to improve his or
her self-concept?
Individual Life Cycle
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Infancy
Early Childhood
Middle Childhood
Adolescence
Early Adulthood
Middle Adulthood
Late Adulthood/End of Life
Birth-2
2-6
6-12
12-20
20-40
40-65
65+
2.3
Changes of Individual Life Cycle
• Infancy:
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Birth – 2 Years
Grow 10-12 inches and triple body weight 1st year.
Learning to develop attachments, trust, etc.
Period of most rapid growth.
2.3
Changes of Individual Life Cycle
• Early Childhood:
– 2 – 6 Years
– Physical development progresses steadily.
• Middle Childhood:
– 6 – 12 Years
– Physical development is steady and slow.
2.3
Changes of Individual Life Cycle
• Adolescence:
– On set of puberty occurs due to complex set of
hormonal changes.
– Girls reach sexual maturity as early as age 12 1/2
while boys achieve it later.
2.3
Emotional And Social Changes
During Adolescence
• Hormonal changes
– feelings of restlessness and irritability
– mood swings
• Peer pressure
• Dating and romantic relationships
• Struggle for independence
– begins to resent adult interference
– conflict with parent/authority figures
2.3
Changes of Individual Life Cycle
• Changes of Adolescence for Girls:
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breasts enlarge
waistline narrows
hair appears on legs, underarms, and pubic area
fat deposits on hips, thighs, and arms
oil and sweat glands more active
reproductive system matures and menstruation
occurs
2.3
Changes of Individual Life Cycle
• Changes during Adolescence for Boys:
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neck thickens and shoulders broaden
muscles increase in size and strength
voice deepens
hair appears on face
reproductive system and sex organs increase in
size; sperm production begins
– A growth spurt usually occurs a year or more
before puberty begins
2.3
Changes of Individual Life Cycle
• Early Adulthood:
– The brain reaches a stable size and weight.
– A person has more muscle tissue, more calcium in
the bones and a more efficient immune system.
2.3
Changes of Individual Life Cycle
• Middle Adulthood:
– Brain size diminishes somewhat.
– A loss of reproductive capacity occurs (menopause
for women).
– Bone mass declines significantly beginning at age
30
– Lens of the eye start to thicken which reduces
vision.
– Hearing loss may occur.
2.3
Changes of Individual Life Cycle
• Late Adulthood
– 65+
2.3
Infancy
Early Childhood
Late Adulthood
Middle Childhood
Early Adulthood
Adolescence
Habits That Affect Personal Health
• Find balance for emotional, social and physical
health.
• Positive forces that can enhance your health
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Exercise
Positive stress management
Sufficient sleep
Good Nutrition
(http://www.mypyramid.gov/index.html )
2.4
Habits That Affect Personal Health
• Negatives behaviors can endanger your
personal health
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Communicable disease / STDs
Violence
Eating Disorders / Poor Nutrition
Suicide
Poor stress management
Inactivity
Substance Abuse
2.4
Effects of Harmful Substances
• Tobacco
– nicotine--addictive drug
– cancer causing
– creates physical stress
2.10
Effects of Harmful Substances
• Tobacco (con’t)
– secondhand smoke
• 6 times highway pollution in crowded room
• can be connected to SIDS
• upper respiratory infections, ear infections in
children
2.10
Effects of Harmful Substances
• Alcohol
– destroys brain cells--brain is smaller in
drinkers than non-drinkers
– excessive use of alcohol can cause serious
damage to nearly every part of your body
– teens are more susceptible to alcohol
addiction than any other age group
2.10
Effects of Harmful Substances
• Alcohol (con’t)
– movement, speech, vision and good judgment are
all altered when consuming alcohol
– becomes dangerous when mixed with other drugs
– contributes to social problems
– FAS/FAE (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome/Fetal Alcohol
Effect)
2.10
Effects of Harmful Substances
• Inhalants
– dangerous substances with fumes
– sniffed to produce a mind-altering high
– includes glue, hair spray, nail polish, spray paints,
magic markers, white out
2.10
Effects of Harmful Substances
• Effects of Inhalants
– dizziness
– loss of coordination
– memory loss
– death
2.10
Effects of Harmful Substances
• Drugs
– cause serious harm and even death
– cause deformities,dependency, and death in babies
of users
– contributing factors in accidents
2.10
• Just Say No Power Point
Stress
Journal:
“If you had to define stress, it would not be
far off if you said it was the process of living.
The process of living is the process of having
stress imposed on you and reacting to it.”
List 5 things that are stressful to you and
why.
1-100 DICE
Object of the Game
• To be the first to write the numbers 1 to 100
1-100 DICE
• Items needed:
– 2 6-sided dice
– 1 piece of paper
– 1 pen
1-100 DICE
DIRECTIONS
• Have everyone stand around the table in a circle and
begin by rolling the dice. When someone rolls doubles
they grab the pen and paper and begin writing next
to their name the numbers 1 2 3 4 5 6 etc. all the
way to 100. When someone else rolls doubles they
ask for the paper and pen and begin their own list of
numbers next to their name. The paper and pen pass
around the circle until someone wins by reaching 100.
1-100 DICE
EXAMPLE
• Player one rolls doubles and begins writing
next to their name: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 while
player two rolls, player three rolls, player four
rolls two sixes (doubles) and grabs the paper
and next to their name writes 1 2 3 4 5 but
player five rolled doubles and takes the paper
and writes 1 2, etc.
Stress
• physical or psychological tension and strain.
State Symptoms of Stress
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Sweaty hands
Headaches
Tightness in shoulders or neck
Feeling overly tired or inability to sleep
Feeling overwhelmed
Loss of or sudden increase in appetite
2.5
Positive Coping Methods
• Tips to reduce stress
– Think positively
– Choose what problems you want to deal with and
let the others go
– Learn to be more accepting
– Be open to other points of view
– Learn relaxation techniques
– Exercise or engage in physical activity
– Find a hobby
2.5
Positive Coping Methods
You are a school athlete. Your grades are falling and
the coach has warned you that if you do not improve
your grades, that you will be kicked off the team.
Besides this, your father has been ill and has been
unable to work. You have been working part-time
after school and weekends to help your parents pay
the bills. You are in drama class and you have to
learn your part for the upcoming play. You are
president of your school club and you have many
upcoming events that you need to organize.
How do you cope?
2.5
REMEMBER!!!
“ stressed” is just “desserts”
spelled backwards
Assignment: Stress Reduction Plan
• Identify 5 stressors (sources of stress) in your
life.
• Identify possible ways to manage or reduce
stress from each of the stressors.
2.5
Peer Pressure
• From Friends
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Source of stress
Affects Self Esteem
You may be manipulated to serve purpose of peers
Should influence choice of friends
• From You
– Try to convince friends to act differently
– Affects personal standards and morals
2.11
Dealing With Peer Pressure
• Plan ahead for actions of negative peer
pressure.
• Be positive about choices.
• Make choices based on your own values.
• Stand up for what you believe in; say “NO”
• Suggest alternatives
2.11
Coping With Peer Pressure Positively
• What would you do if:
– your friends wanted you to sneak out of your
house and meet them at midnight?
– Try a drug?
– Try shop lifting?
– Steal a copy of a test?
– Drive faster than the speed limit?
– Go to someone’s house for a “party” when their
parents are gone?
2.11
Test Review
Unit 2, Part 1
Types of relationships
• Family
• Acquaintance
• Friendships
• Fiancé
• Spouse
• Neighbor
• Child
• Others?
2.6
Reasons for Establishing
Meaningful Relationships
• Benefits:
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meet emotional and social needs
companionship
skills for getting along with others
a feeling of acceptance and approval
feeling of security
help for coping with life changes
2.6
Ways to Build and Maintain
Positive Relationships
• develop respect and trust within relationships
• show genuine interest in others
• avoid stereotyping and prejudice
• strive to resolve conflicts positively
2.6
Ways to Build and Maintain
Positive Relationships
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be
be
be
be
be
be
trustworthy
understanding
generous and unselfish
considerate and respectful
positive
flexible
2.6
Communication
• Sending and receiving of messages through
words and gestures
• Clarity is critical
– Prevents misunderstandings
2.7
Communication
• Verbal communication
– expressing ideas to others by using oral or written
words
• examples: speech, writing, Braile, email
• Nonverbal communications
– expressing ideas to others through body language
• example: facial expressions, posture
2.7
Communication
• Verbal messages:
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consider the goal
state ideas in clear and concise voice
avoid speaking for others
match tone with message
use language understood by the receiver
avoid negative communication
• ex. Bragging, teasing, offensive language, slang words
2.7
Communication
• Nonverbal
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maintain eye contact
avoid negative body language
respect personal space
maintain a well-groomed appearance
• ex. Take frequent showers, shampoo, and wear clean
clothes
– exhibit effective body language
• ex. Good posture, attentiveness
2.7
Effects of communication on
relationships
• Gossip
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hurtful and destroys relationships
can be a barrier to friendship
may cause breakdown in family relationships
ruin reputations
cause depression and anxiety
2.7
Effects of communication on
relationships
• Gossip
– promote poor self worth
– may cause others to question the integrity of the
person who gossips
– Ask these questions: Is it the truth? Is it fair? Is
it necessary to tell? If no--KEEP QUIET.
2.7
Positive ways to resolve conflicts
• Steps in Conflict Resolution
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Define the problem
Suggest a solution
Evaluate the solution
Compromise
Brainstorm
Mediate
2.8
State positive ways to resolve
conflicts, cont.
• Learn to Negotiate
– Compromise--coming to an agreement in which
each person gives up something in order to get
what they both want.
2.8
State positive ways to resolve
conflicts, cont.
• Guidelines for negotiation:
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Choose appropriate time and place
Be open-minded and flexible
Accept responsibility for your role in the conflict
Work together to find a positive solution
Don’t give up
Seek help
2.8
Student Goal:
Framework 2.9
Name the types of family
structures and match
types with components
of each.
Types of Family Structures
• Nuclear Family
– This consists of a mother, father, and one or more
children born to them.
2.9
Types of Family Structures
• Single parent family
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One parent raising one or more children.
Types of Family Structure
• Blended Family
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Formed when two people marry and at least one
already has children.
Types of Family Structures
Extended Family
Another relative such as a
grandparent or aunt, lives
with the family.
Types of Family Structures
• Adoptive Family
– Parents legally adopt a child not born to them.
Types of Family Structures
• Foster Family
– Includes a child not related to the family but cared
for by them as a family member.
2.9
The Value of Dating
• To learn social skills
• To have fun
• To learn how to give and take in a
relationship
• To learn to recognize the impact their words
and actions can have on the lives of other
people
2.12
The Value of Dating
• To learn about the opposite sex
• To abandon sex-based stereotypes (that not
all women are like a man’s mother or sisters,
etc.)
• All lessons learned through dating help people
prepare for marriage
• To learn what type of person you want as a
marriage partner
2.12
Dating: Appropriate Behavior
• Manners and Etiquette
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show respect
respect others privacy
ask permission to use others possessions
let people know where you are
2.12
Dating: Appropriate Behavior
• Manners and Etiquette
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arrive home when agreed
make guests in your home feel welcome
when going to someone’s home, arrive on time
when at someone’s home, help keep neat
use correct table manners
2.12
Etiquette Quiz
• What should you do?
– Who do you introduce first, your mother or your
girlfriend?
– You are at a buffet with 10 of your friends. You
were first in line and you have your food. Should
you start eating or wait?
2.12
Etiquette Quiz
• What should you do?
– You have 3 forks and 2 spoons. Which one do you
use first?
– You need to blow your nose, is it alright to do it at
the table?
– You are seated with guest at the dinner table and
one of your friends call you on your cell phone,
should you take the call or what?
2.12
Etiquette Quiz
• What should you do?
– You are seated with guest at the dinner table and
one of your friends calls you on your cell phone,
should you take the call or what?
2.12
Relationship Occupations
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Marriage counselor
Minister
Rabbi
Psychologist
Psychotherapist
Lawyer
Divorce court judge
2.13
Relationship Occupations –
Traits Required
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Good listener
Empathic
Dependable
Trustworthy
Doesn’t gossip
Caring
2.13
Test Review
Unit 2, Part 2