Biology
Homework for week of May 2 - 6
Mon
Study Guide
Evolution & Immunity
Review with
Binder, Book or online
Core 40 Part 1
Lab 123
Core 40 Part 2
Lab 123
Congratulations 
Tues
Weds
DC Meeting
Th
Fri
P Slip Due
Name
My
pts
15
Human
Origins
16
Evolution
Quiz
Pts
Poss.
Tot
“My
Pts”
20
49
TPP
Gra
de
341
390
Locate your Core 40 Study Guide.
Today’s Goal:
• Reinforce Genetics.
1. Locate your Core 40 Study
Guide.
Today’s Goal:
• Reinforce Genetics.
Core 40 Test
Practice
Second
Third
Inning
Visitor
Home
1
2
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4
5
6
7
8
9
First
Total
Home
Outs
Batter Up!
Second
Third
Inning
Visitor
Home
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
First
Total
Home
Outs
GENETICS Review
DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis
DNA and Proteins
Mendel Genetics
Complex Inheritance
Question 1
Any change in DNA sequences is called
a _______.
A. replication
B. mutation
C. transcription
D. translation
The answer is B.
IN: 1.24
Question 2
Which is more serious, a point mutation
or a frameshift mutation? Why?
Answer
A frameshift mutation is more serious than a
point mutation because it disrupts more codons
than a point mutation.
IN: 1.24
Two heterozygous gold marigolds are
crossed. What is the expected phenotypic
ratio of the offspring? Gold is completely
dominant over red.
A. all red
B. all gold
C. 1 gold : 1 red
D. 3 gold : 1 red
A salamander lost a portion of its leg in a
fight. What molecule contained all the
information necessary to make a new leg?
A. protein
B. DNA
C. thymine
D. lipid
Which of the following statements about
mutations is true?
A. Mutations are always harmful to the
individual.
B. Mutations can be important to the
evolution of a species.
C. Mutations that occur in gametes are NOT
passed on to future generations.
D. Mutations that occur in somatic cells are
passed on to the future generations.
You’ve been hired as a genetic
counselor for Bates hospital. Your first
clients are the parents of a child with
Phenylketonuria, PKU. The PKU gene
is located on chromosome #12.
Individuals with PKU are missing an
enzyme needed for metabolism. They
can develop severe mental retardation
if untreated. The parents do NOT have
PKU and neither do their other two
children.
The parents want to know how their child got
PKU. Which of the following is the best
response?
A. Both the parents carry 2 alleles for PKU
which were passed on to the child.
B. Both the parents carry 1 allele for PKU
which was passed on to the child.
C. One parent carries an allele for PKU which
was passed on to the child.
D. Neither parent carries an allele for PKU, so
the child must have gotten it some other way.
Which of the following statements about
PKU is true?
A. PKU is caused by the environment.
B. PKU is a sex-linked disorder.
C. PKU is a dominant disorder.
D. PKU is a recessive disorder.
British scientist Ronald Fisher stated,
“Mendelism supplied the missing parts of the
structure erected by Darwin.”
Explain what Fisher meant by this…..
Mutations that occur in gametes _______.
A. may be passed to offspring.
B. occur during mitosis.
C. occur during fertilization.
D. are usually fatal.
The genetic code is carried in DNA
molecules through the sequence of….
A. bases
B. sugars
C. helicases
D. phosphates
Mutations that occur in body cells are
passed to……
A. gamete cells.
B. somatic cells.
C. female offspring.
D. male offspring.
Who is the “Father of Genetics”?
Gregor Mendel
When 2 alleles DON’T BLEND
but BOTH SHOW TOGETHER
like in A B blood type, it is called
codominance
_______________
Transmission of characteristics from
parents to offspring is called
___________________.
heredity
Genetics
_____________
is the study of how
characteristics are passed on from
one generation to the next.
RECESSIVE = An allele
__________________
that IS MASKED BY the
presence of another allele
The appearance of an organism is
its _____________
phenotype
Another name for heterozygous
hybrid
The diagram at the right
Punnett square
is called a _____________
DOMINANT
__________________
= An allele
that MASKS the presence of
another allele
Red and white flowers producing
pink offspring is an example of
Incomplete dominance
_______________________
Codominance
incomplete dominance
A recessive gene is represented
lower case
by a _________________
letter.
What phenotypic ratio would you
expect to see in offspring from a
monohybrid cross of 2
heterozygous parents?
3:1
Dominant:recessive
ALLELES
_______________
are different gene
choices for a trait.
A dominant gene is represented by
a ____________
letter.
capital
(usually the first letter of the trait)
When a heterozygous individual shows
a blending of 2 alleles instead of one
being dominant over the other it is called
Incomplete dominance
___________
____________.
When both alleles in the pair are the
SAME the organism is
HOMOZYGOUS or __________
PURE
_______________
What phenotype ratio is a clue
that there has been a dihybrid cross
between 2 heterozygous parents?
9:3:3:1
R = red flowers
r = white flowers
Red
An Rr organism would have ____________
flowers if
this trait was COMPLETELY DOMINANT.
pink
An Rr organism would have ____________
flowers if
this trait was INCOMPLETELY DOMINANT.
BOTH
An Rr organism would have ______________
red & white flowers
if this trait was CODOMINANT.
What are Mendel’s 2 laws of
heredity?
Law of Segregation
Law of Independent Assortment
The offspring of the P1 generation
are called the ____
F1 generation
Explain and Give an example of a trait that
shows incomplete dominance
flower color in Four o’clocks
TRUE or FALSE
A person with Type O blood could
be a blood donor for a person with
Type AB blood.
True; Type O is the universal donor
When both alleles in the pair are
DIFFERENT the organism is
HETEROZYGOUS or _____________
HYBRID
_________________
A cross that involves only 1 trait
monohyrid
is called a ____________
cross.
T = Tall
t = short
The genotype of the
offspring from the
Tt
cross at the right is _________.
tall
Their phenotype is _________.
Which of the following genotypes
is homozygous?
TT
TT
Ww
Bb
rr
mm
BB
rr
mm
BB
Tt
Another name for homozygous is
pure
________.
Which of these Punnett squares would you
use to predict the offspring of a
DIHYBRID cross?
This one!
In the cross at the
right __________
red
is dominant for
flower color.
Which of the following genotypes
is from a heterozygous organism?
Tt
Tt
SS
bb
Mm
Mm
Rr
Rr
kk
DNA
A gene is a segment of _______
that codes for a trait.
The Law of Segregation and the
Law of Independent Assortment
are the result of the movement of
meiosis
chromosomes during ___________
mitosis
meiosis
The Punnett square below shows
dihybrid cross.
a ___________
homozygous
monohybrid
dihybrid
test
Crossing a
red haired horse
with a white haired
horse produces a
roan colored horse.
(Both alleles for hair color show together).
This kind of inheritance is called
___________________
Co-dominance
What type of genotype is used to make a
test cross?
Homozygous recessive
What type of gametes can this organism produce?
BbTt
BT
______
bt
______
bT
Bt
_______
_______
In guinea pigs, black fur (B) is
dominant over brown fur (b).
If a black Guinea pig is crossed with
a brownGuinea pig and the litter
contains a brown baby, the genotype
of the black parent is probably
BB
Bb
bb
Bb; Must have one B to be black
must have one b to pass on to baby
Which of these Punnett squares would you
use to predict the offspring of a
MONOHYBRID cross?
This one!
Crossing individuals from the
P1 generation produces the
F____
generation.
1
DNA
A gene is a segment of ______.
DNA
PROTEIN
RNA
CARBOHYDRATE
L = Blue legs
l = yellow legs
An Rr organism would have ____________
legs if this
Blue
trait was COMPLETELY DOMINANT.
green legs if
An Rr organism would have ____________
this trait was INCOMPLETELY DOMINANT.
BOTH
An Rr organism would have ______________
Blue & yellow legs if
this trait was CODOMINANT.
Crossing individuals from the
F1 generation produces the
F2 generation.
____
A person with this type of
blood could DONATE to
A or AB
Type __________blood
In a monohybrid cross of two
HETEROZYGOUS parents (Pp),
you would expect the offspring to
be:
1 pp:3 PP
3 Pp:1 pp
1 PP:2 Pp:1 pp
all Pp
G
g
G GG Gg
g Gg gg
The parents in this cross
Heterozygous
are _____________
Homozygous
Heterozygous
If G is dominant for green pods and g is recessive for
yellow pods, what percentage of the offspring will
have green pods? _______%
75
B b
B
b
The genotype of the
offspring in the blue box
is _______
bb
The offspring in the blue box is
homozygous
heterozygous
homozygous
In guinea pigs black fur (B) is dominant over
brown fur (b). The Punnett square for a cross
between a HETEROZYGOUS black guinea pig
and a PURE brown guinea pig would look like
B B
B b
B b
B b
B
b
b
B
b
b
b
B
This is the
Correct setup
Heterozygous = Bb
Pure brown = bb
homozygous
Another name for pure is _________________
R
r
r
Rr
Rr
r
rr
rr
What are the possible phenotypes of
their offspring?
(% and color)
Red throats (R) are
dominant over white (r)
throats in Goonie birds.
Make a cross between a
PURE RECESSIVE
and a
HETEROZYGOUS
Goonie bird.
50% red throats
50% white throats
B
b
B
BB
Bb
b
Bb
bb
What are the possible phenotypes of
their offspring?
(% and color)
Black eyes (B) are
dominant over red eyes
(b) in rats.
Make a cross between
two HETEROZYGOUS
rats.
75 % black eyes
25% red eyes
The parents in this cross
Homozygous
are _____________
Homozygous
Heterozygous
If W is dominant for long wings and w is recessive for
short wings, what percentage of these offspring will
have short wings? _______%
0%
only ww makes it short
Who is the “Father of Genetics”?
Gregor Mendel
Which of the following genotypes could
be from a HETEROZYGOUS organism?
TT
Rr
Ww
Rr
Ww
bb
XX
Ss
Ss
What kind of cross is this?
Pure dominant X pure recessive
Heterozygous X heterozygous
Heterozygous X homozygous
Hybrid recessive X hybrid pure
Heterozygous X Homozygous
hybrid
Another name for heterozygous is _______________
t
t
T
T
Tt
Tt
Tt
Tt
In Reebops curly tails
(T) are dominant over
straight tails (t).
Make a cross between a
HOMOZYGOUS
DOMINANT and a
HOMOZYGOUS
RECESSIVE Reebop.
What is the probability the offspring
0%
will have straight tails?
All will be Curly tailed (Tt)
What do we call the offspring of the
F1 generation?
F2
Which of the following genotypes could
be from a HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE
organism?
TT
bb
bb
Rr
Ww
tt
tt
XX
aa
aa
A a
A
a
The genotype of the
offspring in the blue box
is _______
homozygous
heterozygous
heterozygous
How many of the offspring from this cross will show
the dominant characteristic?
¾ (75%) – AA and Aa
G g
G
g
G is dominant for green pods.
g is recessive for yellow pods.
GG Gg
gg
What is the genotype of the
offspring in the shaded box?
What is the phenotype of the
offspring in the shaded box?
Gg
Green pods
Which of the following is NOT TRUE?
T Genotype determines phenotype
T Alleles are different forms of the same gene.
Genotype is the way the genes
F
make you look.
T Organisms with different genotypes
can have the same phenotype.
Tt and TT both look tall
What are the 3 different kinds of
inheritance you learned about?
Dominant/recessive
Incomplete dominance
Co-dominance
Offspring of the P1 generation are called
F1
______
Which of the following crosses would
you expect to see a 9:3:3:1 ratio in
the offspring?
SSYY X ssyy
SsYy X SsYy
ssYY X SSyy
SsYy X SsYy
9:3:3:1 ratio is seen in dihybrid crosses
P
p
p
P
Pp
Pp
Pp
Pp
What will the offspring be like?
(% and color)
Purple (P)is the
dominant color for
monsters. Yellow is
recessive (p).
Make a cross between a
HOMOZYGOUS
purple and a yellow
monster.
100% purple
What genotype would a PURPLE dad have to be to
make a yellow monster baby with a Purple (Pp)
mom monster?
P
?
?
p
pp
Pp
Dad needs to have:
a little p to give one to the baby
a big P to be purple himself
What process makes mRNA from DNA
A. Replication
B. Transcription
C. Translation
D. Mutations
What process makes protein from mRNA
A. Replication
B. Transcription
C. Translation
D. Mutations
Each mRNA codon specifies a(n)
A. amino acid
B. mutation
C. DNA segment
D. stop message