Unit 8 Essay Questions 1. Define the following concepts as they are used in political geography. 1. Nation 2. State 3. Nation – state B) For each of these concepts, name a specific late twentieth-century example from Region A and a specific late twentieth-century example from Region B on the map above. C) Explain how the pursuit of the nation-state ideal during recent decades has led to conflict in each of the two Regions A and B on the map above. Prewriting Nation- Legally, a term encompassing all the citizens of a state. State- A politically organized territory that is administrated by a sovereign government and is recognized by a significant portion of the international community. Nation-state- In which a state and nation occupy the same territory, a nation-state is used as a synonym for country or state. Region A: Nation- France, State- Greece, Nation-State- Germany Region B: Nation- Turkey, State- Saudi Arabia, Nation-State- Qatar A nation will naturally want to have statehood, or another state will want to make another nation their state. A good example is the Persian Gulf War, during the Iraq invasion, Iraq invaded Kuwait. 2. How are boundaries established, and why do boundary disputes occur? 3. What are the different types of borders? Define and give three examples Prewriting Natural Borders Ocean River Mountains Best; 3 mile limit; 12 mile limit; 200 mile limit Very common; problems Drawn peak to peak; worst; cause disputes Desert Old types Forest Swamps No real line; cause of wars 4. How does territorial morphology impact the country due to its shape? Give examples and define the types. Type Definition Examples Compact Easy to rule; small Georgia, Seminole County Elongated Long Countries Korea, Florida Prorupt Having a proruption or pan handle Thailand, Oklahoma Fragmented Broken into pieces Japan, Indonesia 1. Use the chart below to describe each stage of demographic transition. Name a country that has gone through all four stages of demographic transition. Prewriting 1st stage - Low-Growth 2nd stage - High-Growth 3rd stage - Moderate-Growth 4th stage - Low or Stationary-Growth Country Examples High birth rate and high death rate. High birth rate and declining death rate. Declining birth rate with an already low death rate. Low birth rate and low death rate lead to little growth. Great Britain, Germany, United States 2. Explain the strategies that governments use to control population changes. Include 2 benefits that the governments give to citizens. Also include real world examples. Prewriting Expansive Population Policies Eugenic Population Policies Restrictive Population Policies Real World Examples Governments encourage large families to raise the rate of natural increase. - Soviet Union - Mao’s China - Christianity and Judaism- “Go forth and multiply.” Governments favor one ethnic group to have large families. - Nazi regime against the Jews, gypsies, Blacks, disabled. - U.S. 1960 \Social Segregation of Blacks Reduce the rate of natural increase by tolerating officially unapproved means of birth control. - China’s one-child-only policy China using advertising Sweden has free child care until 6 and offers 1 year paid maternal leave Post industrial nations usually use tax incentives to increase child birth 3. List and explain the economic factors that contribute to population change. (Use vocabulary from the chapter to explain.) 4. Describe the population density and dispersion in the different regions of the world. Give environmental and cultural factors that contribute to the density of the population.