AP Psychology Review
The following resources are available
 Review
documents for each unit
 Practice exam
 FRQ Practice questions and rubrics
 Documents:
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Critical terms
Confusing Pairs
Famous Research Studies
Content Percentages on Test
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2-4% history and approaches
8-10% research methods
8-10% biological bases of behavior
6-8% sensation and perception
2-4% states of consciousness
7-9% learning
8-10% cognition
6-8% motivation and emotion
7-9% developmental psychology
5-7% personality
5-7% testing and individual differences
8-10% Social psychology
Research
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Correlation vs. Exp.
IV vs. DV
Control vs. Exp. Group
Random Ass. / Random
Sample
Confounding Var.
Controls
Op. Def. of Variables
Correlation Coefficient
Central Tendency
Measures of variability
Z score
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Bell Curve
Valid, Reliable
Replication
Statistical Significance
APA guidelines
Neurobiology
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Neurotransmission
Sensory / Motor
neurons
Nervous System
Endocrine System
Parts of Brain
Brain hemispheres
Brain imaging
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Plasticity
 Aphasia
 Split-Brain
Developmental Psych
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Teratogens
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Attachment (imprinting)
Critical Period
Habituation
Heritability
Maturation
Menarche / menopause
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Longitudinal v. cross-sectional
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Fluid v. Crystallized
 Parenting styles
Theorists
 Piaget
 Kohlberg
 Gilligan
 Erikson
 Harlow
 Ainsworth
Sensation
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Bottom Up / top Down
 Absolute Threshold
 JND / Weber’s Law
 Trichromatic v. Opponent
Process
 Feature Detection
 Eye / Ear
 Audition / Olfaction
 Place v. Frequency theory
 Vestibular Sense
 Kinesthesis
Perception
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Gestalt
Binocular Cues
Monocular Cues
Perceptual Set
Selective Attention
Size / Color Constancy
States of Consciousness / Personality
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Sleep stages
Sleep Disorders
Activation Synthesis v.
Information Processing
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Lucid Dreaming
 Hypnosis
 Post-Hypnotic Suggestion
 Dissociation
 Drugs: Withdraw, tolerance,
Depressants, stimulants,
hallucinagens
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Personality
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Psychoanalysis /
Freud
Psychodynamic
• Projective Tests
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Humanistic
Trait
Social-Cognitive
• Albert Bandura
• Aaron Beck
Learning / Memory
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Pavlov= Classical
 Watson= Aversive
 Skinner= Operant
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Skinner Box
Thorndike: Law of
Effect
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Encoding, Storage,
Retrieval
Three Stage
Processing Theory
Iconic v. Ehoic
Short-term = working
memory
LTP Theory
Explicit v. Implicit
Amnesia (types)
Interference (types)
Thinking / Language
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Concept / Prototype
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Representative Heuristic
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Availability Heuristic
Insight
Trial and Error
Algorithm
Obstacles to Problem
solving
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Phonemes v.
Morphemes
 Syntax v. Semantics
 Chomsky = nature
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Critical period / LAD
Skinner = nurture
Testing / Intelligence
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IQ = MA / CA x 100
 Standardized Testing
Reliability / Validity
Achievement v. Aptitude
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Savant Syndrome
 Flynn Effect
 Bell Curve
 Factor Analysis
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Theorists
Spearman- G Factor /
Factor analysis
Gardner: Mult.
Intelligences
Goleman- EQ
Sternberg: Triarchic
theory (analytical,
creative, practical)
Motivation / Emotion
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Drive-Reduction
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Homeostasis
Push / pull factors
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Arousal
 Incentive
 Maslow’s Hierarchy
 Hunger
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Lateral v. Ventromedial
Hypothalamus
Set Point / BMR
Sexual Motivation
Achievement Motivation
Conflicting motivations
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Emotions
 Facial expressions =
universal
 Catharsis
 Feel good-do good
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James Lange theory
 Cannon-Bard Theory
 Schacter’s TwoFactor theory
Stress
 Type A personality
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B personality
 Type A + negative anger = heart disease
 General Adaptation Syndrome
 Holmes and Rahe: Social Readjustment
Rating Scale (numerical value on sterss)
Abnormal Psychology
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DSM IV
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Psychiatrist v. Psychologist
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2 weeks
 Neuroticism
 Psychotic
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Delusions / Hallucinations
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Disorders
Anxiety
Mood Disorders
Somatoform
Dissociative
Schizophrenia
Personality
Disorders
Therapy
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Psychotherapy
 Hans-Seyle General
Adaptation Syndrome
 Social Readjustment
Rating Scale
 A type, B type
Types of Therapy
 Psychoanalysis
 Humanistic
 Behavioral
 Cognitive
 Biomedical
Eclectic approach!
Social Psych
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Cognitive Dissonance
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Foot in door / Door in Face
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Attribution Theory
Fundamental Attribution
Theory
Just-World Belief
Frustration-Aggression
theory
By-stander effect
Social facilitation
Social loafing
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Deindivuation
 Group Polarization
 Group Think
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Milgram Experiment
 Robber’s Cave
 Asch Experiment
 Stanford Prison
Experiment
Theorists
 Developmental
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Psych
Piaget: Cognitive
• Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational,
Formal Operational
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Kohlberg: Moral
• Preconventional, Conventional, Postconventional
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Erikson: Social (8 stages)
Harlow: Touch and attachment
Ainsworth: Secure, insecure attachment
Theorists
 Formation of Personality
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Freud: Psychosexual Stages / Unconscious
Adler, Jung: Psychodynamic
Humanistic perspective
• Carl Rogers: UPR,
• Maslow: Self-actualization
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Trait Perspective (personality in the genes..)
Personality Inventories
Social Cognitive
• Bandura: Reciprocal Determinism, self-efficacy
• Julian Rotter: Locus of control
• George Kelley: Personal constructs
Theorists
Intelligence
 Spearman
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Factor Analysis / G Factor
 Gardner:
Multiple Intelligences (8)
 Howard Gardner: EQ (Emotional intelligence)
 Sternberg: Triarchic theory (analytical,
creative, practical)
Theorists
Therapy
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Psychoanalysis (Unconcious)
 Humanistic
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Rogers: UPR, Active listening, non-directive
Maslow: self-actualization, self-concept
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Gestalt: whole body
 Behavioral
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Systematic Desensitization
Invivo
Aversive Conditioning
Cognitive
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Julian Rotter: locus of control / Seligman: LH
Beck: Cognitive Triad
/ Bandura: Self-efficacy
Depression
 Serotonin
 Seligman’s
learned helplessness
 Beck’s cognitive triad
 Explanatory Style