Properties of Matter
MSFWBAT:
• differentiate among element, compound, homo- and
hetero-genous mixtures
• describe the arrangement and distances among
particles in the solid, liquid, and gas state
• differentiate between chemically bonded and
physically blended
Drill – 9/27
• What is matter?
• What are the phases of matter?
Matter
Has mass and
Takes up space
Can only be
Separated
Chemically,
uniform and
definite composition
cannot be
Separated into
Simpler
substance
Contains two
Or more
elements
Can be separated
Physically, not definite
composition
Uniform
throughout
Not uniform
throughout
WS:
Gas
Liquid
Solid
assumes the shape
and volume of its
container
assumes the shape of the
part of the container which
it occupies
retains a fixed volume and
shape
rigid - particles locked into
place
particles can move
past one another
compressible -lots of free
space between particles
flows easily
particles can move past
one another
particles can move/slide
past one another
not easily compressible
little free space between
particles
flows easily
particles can move/slide
past one another
not easily compressible
little free space between
particles
does not flow easily
rigid - particles cannot
move/slide past one
another
States of Matter
Deposition
Drill 9.28
• What factor(s) dictate what particular phase a
substance exists in?
• 1. temperature (which is relative speed of
particles of the substance)
• 2. pressure
• 3. distance between particles (can be related to
pressure, but is not the same thing here)
• Any change to these variables can (theoretically)
cause a phase change in any kind of matter
9.28
• a. distinguish between physical and chemical
properties
• b. contrast physical and chemical changes
• c. use law of cons of mass and energy to prove
that mass remains constant during both
physical and chemical changes
Physical & Chemical Properties!
• Physical properties: Do not change the
chemical nature of matter
• Chemical properties: Do change the chemical
nature of matter
Properties of Matter
• Physical Properties
– Characteristics of a substance that can be observed or
measured without changing the substance’s composition
– Types of Physical Properties:
color
solubility mass
magnetism
odor
hardness density
melting point electrical conductivity
boiling point
Properties of Matter
• Chemical Properties
– describe chemical changes of a substance
– Types of Chemical Properties
rust rot decompose
ferment grow
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Classify the following as chemical or
physical properties
Freezing point
Leaves rot
A nail rusts
Water turns to steam
Something dissolves
It explodes
Reacts to form a gas
Try some more on the next slide
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It reacts to form carbon dioxide
It smells bad
It is shiny
It is cut in half
Tastes sweet
A candle melts
A balloon is blown up with air
It burns
Red color
Physical & Chemical Changes
• In a physical change, nothing new is created,
the matter has just changed to another phase,
separated or combined.
• In a chemical change, the substances are
altered chemically and display different
physical and chemical properties after the
change.
Changes in Matter
Physical Changes
-changes which do not alter the identity of a
substance
Types of Physical Changes
crush or tear
changes in state
(between solid/liquid/gas)
Changes in Matter
Chemical Changes
- changes (reactions) which alter the identity
of a substance
**After a chemical change occurs a new substance is formed**
Types of Chemical Changes
burning cooking
chemical reaction with another substance
Physical Separations
• Predict how to separate each of the following
heterogeneous mixtures:
– Salt and pepper
– Sand and iron filings
– Mud (dirt from the water)
– Fruit salad (the different types of fruit)
Focusing questions
•
Indicate if the following are physical or
chemical changes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Wood burning
Plants growing
Cutting paper
Ice melting
• “Separate This” WS
Techniques for Physical Separations
• Filtration

• Evaporation

• Centrifugation

• Chromatography

• Decantation

• Crystallization

• Distillation

Filtration
• A mixture is poured
into a funnel fitted
with a piece of filter
paper.
• Used for beer
production and tap
water (to remove solid
impurities)
Evaporation
• A homogenous mixture is heated so that the
water evaporates and just leaves the solid
behind
Centrifugation
• Really fast spinning
forces the solid or denser
substance to the bottom
of a sample
Chromatography
• A mixture is allowed to move along a fixed
material. The components of the mixture
move at different speeds (based on their
attraction to the solvent and the material) and
so they separate from each other.
Decantation
• Let the solid settle and then
pour off the liquid, using
something to block the
solid
Crystallization
• The process of forming crystals. Used to
separate solids from solution.
Distillation
When a solution is heated, the liquid with a lower boiling
point evaporates. The hot vapor that formed can be
condensed back to liquid again on a cold surface.
EVAPORATION + CONDENSATION
Chemical Separations
• Electrolysis
• Chemical Reactions
• Decomposition
Electrolysis
Using electric current to force a chemical reaction with a
separation occurring at the electrodes
Focusing question
• How would you separate a mixture of salt,
sand, iron filings, ethanol and water into each
of the components?
Law of Conservation of Matter and Energy
• Matter and energy cannot be created nor
destroyed, only changed in form.
Energy
• Energy is the capacity to do work or to
produce heat
• Forms of Energy
– Potential – stored energy
– Kinetic – energy of motion
Measuring Energy
A calorie is the amount of heat needed to raise the
temperature of
1 gram of water by 1 Celsius degree
1 cal = 1 gram x 1 C0
The SI unit of energy is the joule (J)
1 cal = 4.184 J