Genetics Flashcards
1) The modern science of genetics began in the ___?
2) A monk named ____ deduced the fundamental
principles of genetics by breeding ___.
3) The offspring in 2 different variations are called
what?
4) Cross fertilization is referred to as what?
5) The true breeding parental plants are called ___.
6) The hybrid offspring of the P generation plants are
known as ___.
7) The offspring of the F1 generation plants are
known as ___.
8) The genetic make-up, or the type of genes a person
has is a ___.
9) Genes that affect the same traits are called ___.
10) The allele which is traditionally indicated by an
uppercase letter is the ___ trait.
11) The allele which is traditionally indicated by a
lowercase letter is the ___ trait.
12) ee is called ____
13) EE is called ____
14) Ee is called ____
15) The physical appearance of a person is called the
___.
16) Free earlobes (E) are dominant
17) Attached earlobes (e) are recessive
18) What are the alleles for a person with an
unattached earlobe phenotype?
19) Example: What alleles will a homozygous
recessive earlobe have?
20) Example: What alleles will a homozygous
dominate earlobe have?
21) Example: What alleles will a heterozygous earlobe
have?
22) Example test question: Cross a heterozygous
parents and a homozygous recessive parents, what
are the chances the offspring will have a recessive
dominant (ee) allele?
23) Example test question: What is the ratio for
crossing two heterozygous parents for earlobe
attachment? (Ee x Ee)
24) Example test question: If two people with
homozygous attached earlobes have an offspring,
what will the phenotype of the offspring be
1860s
Monk: Gregor Mandel
by breeding peas
Hybrids
Hybridization
P generation
F1 generation
F2 generation
Genotype
Alleles
Dominant
Recessive
Homozygous recessive genotype
Homozygous dominant genotype
Heterozygous genotype
Phenotype
EE or Ee
ee
EE
Ee
50% chance
3:1
All offspring will have attached earlobes
Genetics Flashcards
25) Example test question: What is the ratio for
crossing a heterozygous parent for ear lobe
attachment and a homozygous recessive parent?
(Ee x ee)
26) Example test question: In crossing two
heterozygous parents, what are the chances for a
pure recessive offspring?
27) If a human inherits two X chromosomes, the
person will be male or female?
28) Trisomy 21 is more commonly known as
29) is there any relation between the age of women
and having a Down syndrome?
30) what is the procedure to detect a Down Syndrome
child called?
31) Who determines the sex of a new born? Father or
mother?
32) What is the extra male chromosome called?
33) What are the results of having an extra male
chromosome?
34) What causes the lack of breast development in
female?
35) What are the results of Triple-x syndrome in
females?
36) Turner syndrome causes female with short and
broad chest, webbed neck. True or false.
37) What are the signs of Turner syndrome in women?
38) What is it called when only one dominant allele
needs to be present?
39) What disorder is associated with colored spots on
skin?
40) What are three types of Homozygous Disorder?
41) Which genetic disease is the most common lethal
genetic disease among U.S. Caucasians and is
characterized by abnormally thick mucus in the
bronchial tubes?
42) Cystic Fibrosis usually occurs among Jewish
people. True or False.
43) What are the signs of Cystic Fibrosis?
1:1
25% chance
female
Down syndrome
yes
Amniocentesis
Father
Jacob Syndrome or XYY
1. Males are usually taller than average
2. Suffer from persistent acne
3. Tend to have speech and reading problems
Turner syndrome or missing sex chromosome
1. Tendency toward learning disabilities
2. Menstrual characteristics
True
1. They do not go under puberty or menstruate
2. Lack of breast development
3. They are usually of normal intelligence
Dominant Disorder
Dominant Disorder
1. Cystic Fibrosis
2. Tay- Sachs disease
3. Phenylketonuria
cystic fibrosis
False
1. The mucus in the bronchial tubes is thick
2. Interferes with breathing
3. Lungs get infected
Genetics Flashcards
44) What are the features of Tay- Sachs disease?
45) What disorder is an enzyme deficiency that first
cousins who marry are more likely to pass to their
offspring?
46) What genetic disorder is characterized by having
“coffee with milk” spots and benign tumors?
47) Their children may have the disorder, or they also
may be carriers. When they are carriers, they are
said to have the “trait” or the disorder. But not the
disease. What traits are these?
48) When the red blood cells do not carry oxygen well,
and they get stuck in arteries it is known as what
disease?
49) What types of traits are controlled by alleles on the
sex chromosomes?
50) What are sex-linked traits/disorders?
51) What are the two categories of sex-linked
disorders?
52) What are X-linked traits?
53) Name some X-Linked disorders (a type of Sexlinked disorders)
54) Sex-linked traits are more common in males or
females?
55) What is a Sex-Influenced Trait?
56) Name one sex-influenced trait
1. Prominent among people of Jewish descent
2. Child becomes blind and helpless
3. Caused by an enzyme deficiency
4. Develops uncontrollable seizures
5. Child becomes paralyzed
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Neurofibromatosis
Incompletely dominant traits
Sickle-Cell Disease
Sex-Linked Traits
Those that are on either the X or Y chromosome.
X-linked (females are carriers, males get the disorder)
Y-linked (males are the carriers and get the disorder)
Traits that are on the X chromosome, so males are
more likely to have the disorder. Females have two X
Chromosomes, so they might have a good gene on
their other X chromosome. Usually the mother is a
silent carrier and passes the defective gene to the male
children.
Color blindness
Muscular Dystrophy
Haemophilia
Male pattern baldness
Males
One sex or the other is more likely to have the
condition.
In females, and index finger longer than the fourth
finger (ring finger) is dominant. In males, and index
finger longer than the fourth finger