Draw the Core
Label if you’re able
Annotate if you’re great
Stephen Taylor
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
Draw the Core
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Draw the Core
This presentation is for practice with assessment statements where
you need to draw, label, annotate or where a diagram would be very
helpful to describe, outline or identify.
One slide has the assessment statement. The next has the diagram
and the last has the diagram with labels.
How could you use it in your revision?
• QuickDraw flashcards – can you draw the item in the statement?
• Labeling practice – can you add the correct labels?
• Explain, outline, annotate, describe practice. Take the diagram or
image and use it to help in your treatment of objective 2 and 3
assessment statements.
Remember:
It’s an exercise in
clarity, not a
colouring-in
competition!
This is a work in progress – but you might
find it useful. It will be updated later.
Assessment statements have been taken from the online IB Biology subject guide:
http://xmltwo.ibo.org/publications/migrated/production-app2.ibo.org/publication/7/part/2/chapter/2.html
The diagrams in the presentation are all creative commons (unless otherwise noted), which means you can
share, edit and print them, as long as you cite the source as http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com.
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Drawing in IB Biology Exams
• You can use pencil and a ruler.
• You must not use coloured pencils.
• Draw clearly! Not too light or messy.
• Practice first on the scrap paper.
As of 2011, exams will be scanned and look like this:
7. (a) Draw a labeled diagram showing the ultrastructure of a typical prokaryote. [4]
This bit gets cut off
The scanning machine only looks inside the boxes, so stay inside!
Use extra paper if needed, but include a note to that effect in this box.
Make sure the extra paper is labeled clearly.
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A Terrible Drawing…
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A Terrible Drawing…
Too light
Unlabeled
Messy
Tiny
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A Rubbish Drawing…
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A Rubbish Drawing…
Criss-crossed label lines
Wiggly label lines
Where are these labels pointing?
The arrow heads are unnecessary
Unclear labels
Messy shading
Outside the scanning box
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A Good Drawing…
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A Good Drawing…
•
•
•
•
•
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Good use of space
• Lines touch the labeled
Clear strong lines
structure
Label lines are straight • No unnecessary shading
Labels clearly written
or colouring
Scale bar if appropriate
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2.2.1
Draw and label a diagram of the ultrastructure of Escherichia coli (E. coli) as an
example of a prokaryote.
All assessment statements taken from the online IB Biology subject guide:
http://xmltwo.ibo.org/publications/migrated/production-app2.ibo.org/publication/7/part/2/chapter/2.html
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2.2.1
Draw and label a diagram of the ultrastructure of Escherichia coli (E. coli) as an
example of a prokaryote.
1µm
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2.2.1
Draw and label a diagram of the ultrastructure of Escherichia coli (E. coli) as an
example of a prokaryote.
cell wall
plasma membrane
flagellum
pili
nucleoid
70S ribosomes
cytoplasm
Plasmids/ Loops of DNA
1µm
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2.2.1
Draw and label a diagram of the ultrastructure of Escherichia coli (E. coli) as an
example of a prokaryote. 2.2.2 Annotate the diagram from 2.3.1 with the functions
of each named structure.
cell wall
Protects cell, holds structure
plasma membrane
Controls what goes in and out
of the cell
Flagellum
Movement
Pili
Attachment,
Exchange of
DNA
Nucleoid
Contains:
Plasmids/ Loops of DNA
70S ribosomes
Protein synthesis
1µm
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Cytoplasm
Genetic information
Contains solutes, enzymes
for metabolic reactions
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2.3.1
Draw and label a diagram of the ultrastructure of a liver cell as an example of an
animal cell.
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2.3.1
Draw and label a diagram of the ultrastructure of a liver cell as an example of an
animal cell.
10µm
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2.3.1
Draw and label a diagram of the ultrastructure of a liver cell as an example of an
animal cell.
Plasma membrane
Mitochondria
Free 80S ribosomes
Lysosomes
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Golgi apparatus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
10µm
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2.3.1
Draw and label a diagram of the ultrastructure of a liver cell as an example of an
animal cell. 2.3.2 Annotate the diagram from 2.3.1 with the functions of each named
structure.
Plasma membrane
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
Mitochondria
Cell respiration
Free 80S ribosomes
Protein synthesis for use within the cell
Lysosomes
Contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
Cytoplasm
Solutes and enzymes for metabolic pathways
Nucleus
Golgi apparatus
Modifies and packages proteins for export
from the cell. Produces vesicles for exocytosis
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Contains DNA in the
form of chromosomes
Attached 80S ribosomes produce
proteins for export from the cell
10µm
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2.5.4
Describe the events that occur in the four phases of mitosis (prophase, metaphase,
anaphase and telophase). Try drawing this with a cell of n=2.
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2.5.4
Describe the events that occur in the four phases of mitosis (prophase, metaphase,
anaphase and telophase). Try drawing this with a cell of n=2.
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2.4.1
Draw and label a diagram to show the structure of membranes.
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3.1.4
Draw and label a diagram showing the structure of water molecules to show their
polarity and hydrogen bond formation.
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3.1.4
Draw and label a diagram showing the structure of water molecules to show their
polarity and hydrogen bond formation.
Covalent bond: shared electrons
Large oxygen atom pulls shared
electrons closer to it, becoming
slightly negative.
Therefore hydrogen atoms
become slightly positive.
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3.1.4
Draw and label a diagram showing the structure of water molecules to show their
polarity and hydrogen bond formation.
Large oxygen atom pulls shared
electrons closer to it, becoming
slightly negative.
Covalent bond: shared electrons
Therefore hydrogen atoms
become slightly positive.
Hydrogen bonds
form between the slightly
positive hydrogens of one
water molecule and the
slightly negative oxygens of
the next.
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3.2.2
Identify amino acids, glucose, ribose and fatty acids from diagrams showing their
structure.
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3.3.1
Outline DNA nucleotide structure in terms of sugar (deoxyribose), base
and phosphate.
Phosphate ion
Deoxyribose sugar
Nitrogenous base:
• Adenine
• Thymine
• Guanine
• Cytosine
Diagrams taken from the online IB Biology subject guide:
http://xmltwo.ibo.org/publications/migrated/production-app2.ibo.org/publication/7/part/2/chapter/4/page/3.html
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3.3.3
Outline how DNA nucleotides are linked together by covalent bonds
into a single strand.
Phosphate ion
5
4
1
3
2
Covalent bond between C3 of one molecule
and the phosphate of the next
Deoxyribose sugar
Nitrogenous base:
• Adenine
• Thymine
• Guanine
• Cytosine
Covalent bond between C3 of one molecule
and the phosphate of the next. New
nucleotides are added to the C3 each time.
Diagrams taken from the online IB Biology subject guide:
http://xmltwo.ibo.org/publications/migrated/production-app2.ibo.org/publication/7/part/2/chapter/4/page/3.html
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
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3.3.5
Draw and label a simple diagram of the molecular structure of DNA.
Phosphate ion
5
4
adenine
1
3
thymine
2
Hydrogen bonds between
complementary base pairs
(A&T; G&C)
Covalent bond
guanine
cytosine
Deoxyribose sugar
Antiparallel strands
Diagrams taken from the online IB Biology subject guide:
http://xmltwo.ibo.org/publications/migrated/production-app2.ibo.org/publication/7/part/2/chapter/4/page/3.html
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
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3.8.4
Outline the differences in absorption of red, blue and green light by chlorophyll.
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3.8.4
Outline the differences in absorption of red, blue and green light by chlorophyll.
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3.8.8
Outline the effects of temperature, light intensity and carbon dioxide concentration
on the rate of photosynthesis. The shape of the graphs is required.
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Outline the effects of temperature, light intensity and carbon dioxide concentration
on the rate of photosynthesis. The shape of the graphs is required.
Rate of reaction
Rate of reaction
Rate of reaction
3.8.8
Temperature
At low temperature:
Light intensity
At low light intensity:
Increase in temperature
increases rate of reaction.
CO2 concentration
At low [CO2] :
Increase in light intensity
increases rate of reaction.
Increase in [CO2] increases
rate of reaction.
At high temperature:
At high light intensity:
Increase in temp. leads to
sharp decline in rate as
enzymes are denatured.
At high [CO2] :
Increase in light intensity
has no effect on rate of
reaction – plateau.
Increase in [CO2] has no
effect on rate of reaction –
plateau as all active sites are
filled.
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4.2.3
Outline the process of meiosis, including pairing of homologous chromosomes and
crossing over, followed by two divisions, which results in four haploid cells. Try
drawing this with a cell of n=2.
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4.2.3
Outline the process of meiosis, including pairing of homologous chromosomes and
crossing over, followed by two divisions, which results in four haploid cells. Try
drawing this with a cell of n=2.
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5.1.4
Describe what is meant by a food chain, giving three examples, each with at least
three linkages (four organisms).
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Describe what is meant by a food chain, giving three examples, each with at least
three linkages (four organisms).
5.1.4
Food chains show the flow of energy through the trophic levels of a feeding relationship.
PRODUCER
PRIMARY CONSUMER
SECONDARY CONSUMER
TERTIARY CONSUMER
“eaten by”
Yellow iris
Phytoplankton
diatoms
moth caterpillar
krill
freshwater shrimp
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great tit
sparrowhawk
cod
seal
bream
osprey
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5.1.8
Construct a food web containing up to 10 organisms, using appropriate information.
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5.1.8
Construct a food web containing up to 10 organisms, using appropriate information.
Arrows show flow of energy.
Some species can be classified in two or more trophic levels, e.g. marine omnivores
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5.2.1
Draw and label a diagram of the carbon cycle to show the processes involved.
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5.2.1
Draw and label a diagram of the carbon cycle to show the processes involved.
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5.3.1
Outline how population size is affected by natality, immigration, mortality and
emigration.
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5.3.1
Outline how population size is affected by natality, immigration, mortality and
emigration.
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5.3.3
Draw and label a graph showing a sigmoid (S-shaped) population growth curve.
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5.3.3
Draw and label a graph showing a sigmoid (S-shaped) population growth curve.
K
Plateau phase
population
Transition phase
Exponential phase
time
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5.3.3
Draw and label a graph showing a sigmoid (S-shaped) population growth curve.
5.3.4 Explain the exponential, transition and plateau phases.
K
population
Transition phase
I + N > E + M (but less so)
Increased competition as space
and resources are used up. Rate
of population growth slows.
Plateau phase
I+N=E+M
High competition as space and
resources are limited. High effect
of natural selection.
Exponential phase
I+N>E+M
Abundant space and resources. Very little
competition so reproduction is high.
time
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6.1.4
Draw and label a diagram of the digestive system.
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6.1.4
Draw and label a diagram of the digestive system.
mouth
esophagus
liver
stomach
gall bladder
pancreas
small intestine
large intestine
rectum
anus
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6.1.7
Explain how the structure of the villus is related to its role in absorption and
transport of the products of digestion.
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6.1.7
Explain how the structure of the villus is related to its role in absorption and
transport of the products of digestion.
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6.1.7
Explain how the structure of the villus is related to its role in absorption and
transport of the products of digestion.
Single-cell epithelium
Short diffusion path for digested
molecules
Lacteals
Absorption and transport
of lipid molecules
Mitochondria
Active transport of
digested food molecules
Microvilli
Further increase
in SA:Vol ratio
Rich network of capillaries
Transport of molecules. Maintains
high concentration gradient
between lumen of gut and blood.
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6.2.1
Draw and label a diagram of the heart showing the four chambers, associated blood
vessels, valves and the route of blood through the heart.
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6.2.1
Draw and label a diagram of the heart showing the four chambers, associated blood
vessels, valves and the route of blood through the heart.
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6.2.5
Explain the relationship between the structure and function of arteries, capillaries
and veins.
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6.2.5
Explain the relationship between the structure and function of arteries, capillaries
and veins.
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6.3.4
Outline how phagocytic leucocytes ingest pathogens in the blood and in body
tissues.
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6.3.4
Outline how phagocytic leucocytes ingest pathogens in the blood and in body
tissues.
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6.4.3
Describe the features of alveoli that adapt them to gas exchange.
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6.4.3
Describe the features of alveoli that adapt them to gas exchange.
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6.4.4
Draw and label a diagram of the ventilation system, including trachea, lungs, bronchi,
bronchioles and alveoli.
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6.4.4
Draw and label a diagram of the ventilation system, including trachea, lungs, bronchi,
bronchioles and alveoli.
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6.5.2
Draw and label a diagram of the structure of a motor neuron.
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6.5.2
Draw and label a diagram of the structure of a motor neuron.
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6.5.2
Draw and label a diagram of the structure of a motor neuron.
Dendritic end
terminal end
cell body
nucleus
myelin sheath
axon
axon hillock
dendrites
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Nodes of Ranvier
motor end plates
muscle tissue
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6.6.1
Draw and label diagrams of the adult male reproductive system.
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6.6.1
Draw and label diagrams of the adult male reproductive system.
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6.6.1
Draw and label diagrams of the adult male reproductive system.
sperm duct
bladder
semen gland
prostate gland
urethra
penis
epididymis
testis
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6.6.1
Draw and label diagrams of the adult female reproductive system.
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6.6.1
Draw and label diagrams of the adult female reproductive system.
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6.6.1
Draw and label diagrams of the adult female reproductive system.
Oviduct/
Fallopian tube
uterus
ovary
endometrium
muscle wall
bladder
urethra
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cervix
vagina
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6.6.3
Annotate a graph showing hormone levels in the menstrual cycle, illustrating the
relationship between changes in hormone levels and ovulation, menstruation and
thickening of the endometrium.
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6.6.3
Day 0
Annotate a graph showing hormone levels in the menstrual cycle, illustrating the
relationship between changes in hormone levels and ovulation, menstruation and
thickening of the endometrium.
5
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14
28
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6.6.3
Annotate a graph showing hormone levels in the menstrual cycle, illustrating the
relationship between changes in hormone levels and ovulation, menstruation and
thickening of the endometrium.
Day 0-14 FSH and LH stimulate development
of the oocyte (egg) in the ovary.
Luteinising hormone (LH)
Day 14 peak of LH causes ovulation.
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Day 15-28 FSH and LH inhibited by estrogen
and progesterone, preventing further release
of eggs.
Day 0-14 estrogen increases, building the
endometrium.
progesterone
estrogen
Day 14-18 estrogen drops, progesterone
peaks, maintaining endometrium and
inhibiting FSH and LH.
Day 28 Progesterone drops if the egg is not
fertilised and does not implant onto
endometrium.
Day 0-5 Endometrium is broken down
(menstruation) as progesterone falls.
Day 5-14 Estrogen rises, endometrium builds.
endometrium
Day 0
5
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14
28
Day 14-28 Endometrium maintained by high
progesterone levels to prepare for fertilisation.
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