What do you think might have
prevented the War of 1812?
A. Better diplomacy
B. Better communication
C. Better judgment of
British military power
D. Nothing could have
prevented the War of 1812
A. A
B. B
0% C.
0% C0%
D. D
A
B
C
0%
D
Chapter 9 The Jefferson Era
(1800-1816)
Section 4 The War of 1812
How did the United States benefit
from the War of 1812?
War Begins
• The War Hawks were
confident in a quick victory
• But the Americans were
unprepared for war
• The regular army had fewer
than 7,000 troops
• States added between 50,000
and 100,000 poorly trained
militia
• Veterans of the American
Revolution were too old for
warfare
More of the War Begins
• Not everyone supported “Mr.
Madison’s War”
• The Americans underestimated the
strength of the British and their
Native American Allies
• War began in July of 1812
• General William Hull led the
American army from Detroit into
Canada
• Tecumseh and his warriors met Hull,
and Hull surrendered Detroit to the
British
• William Henry Harrison also made
an unsuccessful attempt to invade
Canada
• Harrison decided that the Americans
could not do anything as long as the
British controlled Lake Erie
Naval Battles
• Oliver Hazard Perry was
ordered to seize Lake Erie
from the British
• September 10, 1813Perry’s ship defeated the
British naval force
• Perry sent a message to
General Harrison that said
“We have met the enemy
and they are ours”
• Harrison cut off the British
and Indian allies on
October 5th
• The Battle of the ThamesTecumseh was killed
The Americans Attack
• Americans attacked the town
of York (Present day
Toronto)
• Burned parliament buildings
• Canada was not conquered,
but the Americans won some
victories by the end of 1813
• The U.S. Navy had 3 of the
fastest frigates
• The Constitution destroyed
four British vessels in four
months
• Privateers captured many
British vessels
Setbacks for Native Americans
• Before the Battle of the
Thames, Tecumseh talked with
the Creeks about the
Confederation
• But hopes of a Confederation
died with Tecumseh
• March 1814- Andrew Jackson
attacked the Creeks
• Jackson’s forces slaughtered
more than 550 Creek people
• Known as the Battle of
Horseshoe Bend, the defeat
forced the Creeks to give up
their lands
Why was Tecumseh’s death such a setback for the
British?
A. Because he was such
a good warrior.
B. Because he might have
united the Native American
nations against the United States.
C. Because he knew how to
navigate the rough terrain
of the northwest.
D. Because the United States
feared him.
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
The British Offensive
• Spring 1814- British put full
attention to war in America
• The British had defeated
Napoleon and sent more troops to
America
• August 1814- The British sailed
into Chesapeake Bay
• Marched to Washington D.C. and
overpowered the American Militia
• “They proceeded, without a
moment’s delay, to burn and
destroy everything in the most
distant degree connected with the
government”
• The Capital and White House
were burned
• A thunderstorm put out the fires
Baltimore Holds Firm
• The British did not try to hold
Washington D.C.
• They left and sailed north to
Baltimore
• The people of Baltimore held firm
against the British
• Defense from Fort McHenry in the
harbor kept the British from
entering the city
• Francis Scott Key, an attorney,
watched the bombs burst over
Fort McHenry during the night of
September 13-14
• That morning he saw the
American flag still flying
• He wrote a poem that later
became known as• The Star Spangled Banner
Defeat at Plattsburgh
• General Sir George Prevost
led more than 10,000 British
troops into New York from
Canada
• His goal was to capture
Plattsburgh on Lake
Champlain
• American naval forces
defeated the British fleet in
1814
• The British retreated into
Canada
• The British decided the war
was too costly and
unnecessary
• The British would gain little
and was not worth the effort
Battle of New Orleans
• The British moved
closer to New Orleans
• Andrew Jackson and his
troops waited for them
• British attacked on
January 8, 1815
• Jackson said don’t fire
until you see the whites
of their eyes
• American riflemen
behind cotton bales and
mowed down the
redcoats
• 21 Americans were
killed
• 2,030 British were lost
The War Ends
• American and British
representatives signed
the Treaty of Ghent in
December 24, 1814
• What is the problem?
• Battle of New OrleansJanuary 8, 1815 and the
Treaty of Ghent
December 24, 1814
• Treaty showed that there
was no clear winner
• No territory changed
hands
• Nothing was mentioned
about the impressment of
sailors
American Nationalism
• New England Federalists opposed
“Mr. Madison’s War” from the start
• They made a list of proposed
amendments to the Constitution
• In the triumph following the war,
the Federalists’ grievances
seemed unpatriotic
• The party lost the public’s respect
and was weakened
• The War Hawks took over the
leadership of the Republican Party
and carried on the Federalist
philosophy of a STRONG central
government
• They favored trade, western
expansion, development of the
economy, and a strong army and
navy
• After the war, Americans felt a
new sense of patriotism and
national identity
• The nation also gained respect
from other nations
Which Federalist principle did the
Republicans retain when they took control
of the government after the War of 1812?
A. raising taxes to repay
the war debt
B. the idea of implied powers
C. a strong central government
D. a strict interpretation of
the Constitution
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
How did the United States benefit
from the War of 1812?
1. End to the threat of a Native American
confederation
2. Growth of national pride
3. National identity
4. Respect from other nations
Chapter 9 Section 4 Quiz
The great leader Tecumseh was
killed in the
A. Battle of the
Thames.
B. Battle of Toronto.
C. Battle of
Tippecanoe.
D. Battle of Lake
Erie.
B
at
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.
25% 25% 25% 25%
With the death of Tecumseh,
hopes died for
A. a Native American
victory.
B. the movement of
white settlers.
C. a Native American
confederation.
D. a Native American
revolt.
a
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25% 25% 25% 25%
One of the buildings burned by
the British was
A. the Capitol.
B. Mount Vernon.
C. the Watergate
Hotel.
D. Washington
Manor.
r.
an
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in
gt
on
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te
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as
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ito
no
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.
l.
25% 25% 25% 25%
"The Star-Spangled Banner"
was written by
A. Andrew Jackson.
B. George
Washington.
C. Francis Scott Key.
D. Thomas
Jefferson.
on
.
ey
.
ffe
rs
tt
K
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om
as
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ci
s
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ks
on
.
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on
.
25% 25% 25% 25%
What battle helped Andrew Jackson
win the presidency in 1828?
A. Battle of Lake Erie
B. Battle of the Bulge
C. Battle of New
Orleans
D. Battle of the
Thames
am
es
O
at
tle
of
th
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B
at
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at
tle
B
Th
rle
a
ul
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B
th
e
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ke
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at
tle
B
ns
e
Er
ie
25% 25% 25% 25%
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