I understand the cycles that occur on the
earth:
0
1 2
3 4
5
Study Guide:
1. Make a brochure “High-LIGHTING” the sun. (Buddy Task)
2. In a Venn Diagram compare revolutions to rotations (Buddy
Task)
3. Be a myth buster…“Debunk” the myth believed by most
people about the cause of the seasons.
4. 90 % on Quizlet
5. In Ohio would your shadow be longer or shorter on June 15
when compared to January 15? (Prove it by providing
EVIDENCE!)
6. Can the Earth be compared to a giant chocolate chip
cookie? (Prove it scientifically)
Earth---our biome in space
We exist as part of a solar system
1. Our planets revolve around a star (Sun)
a. made of 2 gases---hydrogen and helium
b. Just an average size star but it looks large because it is the
closest star to our planet
c. many stars are actually larger and brighter than our sun
but don't look that way because they are so far away...
2. We are the third planet from the Sun---we revolve around
the sun in an elliptical orbit --- THIS DOES NOT CAUSE THE
SEASONS
****myth busters**** first principle...if energy hits you at a direct
angle---you will absorb the full amount of that energy however
if energy hits you at an indirect angle you will NOT receive the
full amount of that energy
***second principle*** the earth is tilted on its axis (imaginary
line that runs through center of the Earth)
***third principle***the regions of the Earth that are hit with
direct rays become warm because they receive the full
amount of the Sun's light energy. The regions of the earth
that get hit with indirect rays are cooler because they do not
receive the full amount of the Sun's energy
The northern and southern hemisphere will always have the
opposite seasons due to the tilt of the earth
A revolution(one trip around the sun)=365 days
3.The earth rotates on its axis---this causes day and night. One
rotation takes 24 hours
night
Day
4. When the Earth is rotating...it is spinning
counterclockwise...therefore the sun comes up in the east and
goes down in the west
12
N
6am
E
9pm
W
S
Summer sun versus the winter sun. The sun appears higher
overhead in the summer (direct rays are causing warmer
temperatures) In the winter it appears lower in the sky (indirect
rays are causing lower temperatures)
Shadow length...?
Shadows appear shorter in summer and longer in winter
5. Internal workings of our planet --- Mother Nature's Meat loaf!
Crust---Thin hard outside layer
Mantle---Solid rock with the ability to flow
Core(inner and outer)Metals---heavy metals(nickel,iron,cobalt)---stay in the middle as the Earth
spun during formation...light metal like aluminum went towards the crust
The great cookie---Plate tectonics
The theory that the Earth's crust is broken into large plates that
shift and move.
Cause=CONVECTION --- the flow of heat through a liquid or a
gas
Pangaea
Huge super continent made of
all the continents together as
one.
proofs...
1. Continents fit together as a
puzzle
2. fossil record: elephant
remains in South America
3 types of fault zones...places where the earth's crust has
cracks....
Divergent zones
The two plates are ripping apart---ex: Mid Atlantic Ridge--Africa and South America moving apart at 2 inches a year
Convergent zones
two plates are colliding together ... forming mountains and
volcanoes
Transform fault zones
two plates are sliding side by side...Ex : San Andreas Fault in
California
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Blendspace
Quizlet
Earth compared to the nearest satellite---the Moon...it revolves
around the Earth
A
(A satellite revolves around another object )
Features of .....
1. 2/3 to 3/4 is water...
2. has an atmosphere where main gases are
nitrogen 80 %, oxygen 16%, and rest 4%...this atmosphere
protects us from space debris ... Friction..(happens when two
surfaces rub together and this produces heat)The space debris
burns up before it ever reaches the ground
3. our surface is changed through weathering, erosion and
deposition
Weathering and erosion is...caused by wind,water,ice and
plants
****fast moving wind and water cause particles to be picked up
and moved****
****slow moving wind and water cause deposition to occur--(sand bar and deltas)
Ice --- frost wedging...water gets in cracks and freezes in those
cracks---which expands them until rock bursts apart
(plant roots do the same thing)
4. We have slow processes and fast processes that are
constantly changing the surface of the Earth...(plate tectonics
is building new surfaces while erosion and weathering are
breaking it down)
Earthquake....
Mountains being made....
Hurricanes.....
deltas being made....
land slides...
The water ride...when storms
happen the river speed picks up
and erosion occurs then when
the river enters another body of
water the speed slows down
and the soil is deposited
5. Has three states of matter
Solid---molecules are close together and it can hold its own shap
-has fixed volume
Liquid--- molecules are more spread out and it takes the shape of
container---fixed volume
Gas---molecules are farthest apart and it takes
the shape of its container---volume is not fixed...
Why hot substances rise and cold substances sink
The puppy principle of molecules...cold molecules clump
together (like puppies in a box)
and hot molecules spread apart (like hot puppies spreading
apart and laying all over)
Example...A "cube of air " has the weight of forty molecules of
air but when you heat it ... the molecules expand and some of
them move out of the cube so the cube weighs less and moves
upward. It is lighter when heated
A "cube of air" has the weight of 40 molecules of air...when
cooled the molecules come together and allow room for new
molecules to come in the cube. The "cube of cold air" will
weigh more and sink
Therefore...cold gases,liquids and solids are usually more
dense(more molecules are in a "cube of matter"...the cube
weighs more and sinks)
hot gases,liquids, and solid are usually less dense(less
molecules are in a "cube of matter"...the cube weighs less
and floats)
Density refers to how tightly an objects molecules are
packed together
The Moon...our nearest satellite (an object that orbits a
celestial body)
Characteristics of the moon
1. Has NO atmosphere....therefore ...
A. no oxygen for humans
B. No sound because sound can only be produced where
molecules are vibrating...no molecules=no vibrating
C. Extreme temperatures (The earth's atmosphere wraps us in a
"blanket" and protects us from extreme cold or heat)
The moon has no protection therefore the sun heats the moon
to 260 Fahrenheit in day and
-280 Fahrenheit at night
D. No protection from space debris(On the Earth the atmosphere
burns up meteors through friction as they rub against the
molecules) Objects blast into the moon's surface making
craters
2.Moon is 1/4 of Earth's mass and has 6 times less gravity(the
force that pull all objects towards the center of the planet)
Therefore if you weighed 180 lbs on the Earth ... you would
weigh 30 lbs on the moon----you would also be able to really
jump! 20 inch vertical
could become 10 foot vertical
3.Moon's mountains tell us it was once alive on the inside but for
some reason it is now geologically dead---no plate movements
anymore
4. Rotation speed is much slower than the Earth...one rotation
takes 28 days...a night is 14 days long/ and a day is 14 days
long also
5. Revolution speed... the moon orbits the Earth in 28 days(the
Earth orbits the sun in 365 days)
6. The moon is the brightest object in the night sky but gives off
no light of its own. Instead, it reflects light from the sun.
7. Eclipses....the moon gets between Sun and Earth
Solar eclipses
happen when the moon
blocks the Sun's rays
and cast a shadow on
parts of the Earth
Lunar eclipse
Lunar eclipses happen during the full moon stage and
happen as the Earth gets between the Sun and the Moon
Refraction not the reflection of
light!
As the sun's light goes past the Earth
atmosphere...it bends(refracts) the light
waves and makes the moon look bright
orange
sun