Name __ANN SERKEE__________________________________ Period __________ Part 1: Eisenhower’s 50’s Answers should be on a separate sheet of paper for this section of the homework. 1. Though Truman and Eisenhower never ran against one another in an election, suppose they had. For whom would you vote and why? ANSWERS WILL VARY 2. In actuality, who did Eisenhower run against in 1952? In 1956? Bonus: Who was Eisenhower’s vice-President? EISENHOWER RAN AGAINST FORMER ILLINOIS GOVERNOR ADLAI STEVENSON. EISENHOWER’S VP WAS RICHARD NIXON. 3. *** Why did the suburbs happen? Give the many reasons that met to explain why onethird of the population was living in the suburbs in the 1950s. THERE ARE SEVERAL REASONS WHY THE SUBURBS HAPPENED: WEALTH OF THE NATION, MORTGAGES WERE READILY AVAILABLE, THE BABY BOOM WHICH PRODUCED LARGER FAMILIES, THE CONSTRUCTION OF HIGHWAYS, MASS-PRODUCED HOUSING, MEDIA’S ENCOURAGEMENT OF THE SUBURBAN IDEAL, AND CONSUMERISM AND CONFORMITY. 4. The suburbs. Create the typical American family of the 1950s. Name them. Describe each of them—what they wear, what they look like, what they do for a living or for fun, etc. Drawings are accepted. ANSWERS WILL VARY. 5. Consider the many foreign encounters that occurred during the Eisenhower years. Which—in your opinion—were handled well? Which—in your opinion—were handled poorly? ANSWERS WILL VARY. 6. *** Massive retaliation: a. Explain the concept of massive retaliation. b. Give two instances where the threat of massive retaliation avoided or shortened war for the United States. MASSIVE RETALIATION IS THE WILLINGNESS TO USE ANY FORCE NECESSARY—EVEN CHUCK NORRIS—TO ACHIEVE A STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE. THIS CONCEPT WAS USED WITH THE KOREAN WAR AND WITH THE FORMOSA (TAIWAN) CRISIS. 7. *** The CIA was used actively by the Eisenhower administration. a. Where was the CIA used? b. Do you feel it is right, in the interest of national security, for the US to intervene to overthrow foreign governments? IN THIS UNIT, WE HAVE SEEN CIA OPERATIONS IN GUATEMALA AND IRAN. OPINIONS WILL VARY ON THEIR USE. 8. Explain how the battle of Dienbienphu caused the United States to increase its involvement in Vietnam. Consider WHY the United States increased its involvement there. DIENBIENPHU WAS THE “STRAW THAT BROKE FRANCE’S BACK.” THE DEVASTATING LOSS IN WHAT THE FRENCH THOUGHT WOULD BE A CONVENTIONAL VICTORY. THE LOSS FORCED THE FRENCH TO LEAVE. SOMEONE NEEDED TO “HOLD UP THE DOMINO” THAT WAS VIETNAM. THERE WOULD BE AN INCREASE IN US INVOLVEMENT. *** Likely topics for essay on the test: suburbs and new look foreign policy. Part 2: Photo Review Explain what is happening in each of the pictures below. Be as precise with the details as possible. Answers can be written directly on here. Also label with #9, #10, #11, and #12 the location of where these events happened in the United States. 9. LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS. ELIZABETH ECKFORD ON THE FIRST DAY OF SCHOOL, 1957. PROTESTERS SURROUND SCHOOL; THE NATIONAL GUARD PREVENTS ECKFORD AND EIGHT OTHER BLACK STUDENTS FROM ATTENDING. 10 .. GREENSBORO, NC. FOUR STUDENTS FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA A&T STAGE A SIT-IN TO DESEGREGATE A WOOLWORTH’S LUNCH COUNTER. 11 . MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA. ROSA PARKS PICTURED ABOVE IS ARRESTED FOR DISOBEYING SEGREGATED SEATING ON A PUBLIC BUS. 12 MONEY, MISSISSIPPI. BRYANT’S MEAT MARKET—THE SITE OF EMMETT TILL’S INTERACTION WITH CAROLYN BRYANT. THE ENCOUNTER WOULD END SEVERAL DAYS LATER WITH THE BEATING AND KILLING OF 14 YEAR-OLD EMMETT TILL. Part 3: International Challenges Use the following key to answer the following questions: A. Korea; B. China; C. Vietnam; D. Iran; E. Guatemala; F. Egypt; G. Cuba; H. Soviet Union 13. __H__ Khrushchev comes to power 14. __C__ The Battle of Dienbienphu 15. __D__ Mohammed Mossadegh is ousted by the CIA and replaced by Shah Reza Pahlavi 16. __G__ Castro comes to power 17. __A__ Eisenhower helps end the war there 18. __E__ The United Fruit company is threatened by land re-distribution here 19. __B__ Chiang Kai-Shek threatens invasion 20. __D__; __E__ The CIA was actively used here to set up US-friendly governments (2 answers 21. __H__ Francis Gary Powers’ spy plane is shot down here 22. __C__ This country was divided by the 17th parallel 23. __E__ Jacobo Arbenz was ousted from government because of perceived Communist ties 24. __F__ The Suez Canal became a point of contention here. 25. __H__ This country launched Sputnik in 1957.