***REVISED 1/21/03 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Psych Statistics 207B Spring, 2003 Knox 20, 11:00-12:20, TR Instructor: Dr. Craig Colder This course will provide an introduction to the basic concepts used in statistics in the social sciences. The format of the course will be lecture followed immediately by problem sets that cover the material in the course. I will look to you to provide me with feedback about how you are doing. YOU MUST ASK QUESTIONS IN CLASS AND IN LAB! If you have a question, rest assured that other students in the room also have the same question. Don’t ever be afraid to ask questions because they seem “dumb”. It is important that you stop me during class when you don’t understand something, rather than proceeding at the risk of not grasping an important concept. Office Hours and appointments If you cannot make any of the following office hours, please contact me or your TA to set up an alternative time. Dr. Colder: Office: Park Hall 235 Phone: 645-3650 ext. 235 E-mail: ccolder@acsu.buffalo.edu Office Hours: Monday 8:30 – 9:30, Tuesday 9:00 – 10:00 Teaching Assistants: Katy Bottonari Jaye Derrick Kirstin Stauffacher Anna Nelson Office: Park 217 Phone: 645-3650 Ext. 579 Email: kb35@acsu.buffalo.edu Office hours: Wed. 12:00-1:00 Lab B1 Friday 10:00-10:50 Knox 20 Lab B2 Friday 11:00-11:50 Knox 104 Office: Park 224 Phone: 645-3650 Ext. 373 Email: jderrick@acsu.buffalo.edu Office hours: Tuesday 12:30 – 1:30 Lab B3 Wed. 3:00-3:50 NSC 215 Lab B4 Wed. 4:00-4:50 NSC 216 Office: Park Hall, 243 Phone: 645-3650 Ext. 236 Email: ks78@acsu.buffalo.edu Office hours: Wed. 10:30 – 11:30 Lab B5 Friday 8:00-8:50 Knox 109 Lab B6 Friday 9:00-9:50 Knox 109 Office: Park Hall, 224 Phone: 645-3650 Ext. 330 Email: anelson@acsu.buffalo.edu Office hours: Tuesday 2:00 – 3:00 1 ***REVISED 1/21/03 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 Lab B7 Monday 2:00-2:50 Lab B8 Monday 3:00-3:50 Knox 104 Knox 104 Attendance Historically, absences in this class have been devastating to student progress, not because of a penalty that I impose, but rather because the course is completely cumulative. Students with poor attendance records have done poorly in this class over the past years. You cannot miss lectures and then expect to follow the lecture when you return to class. Nor can you do the homework in a timely fashion if you miss class. My advice: don’t miss class. Class Conduct Disrespectful behavior will not be permitted because it is disruptive. You are not required to attend lecture. Therefore, if you need to sleep, talk with a friend, read the paper, study for another class, or talk on your cell phone, then don’t come to class. If I feel that your behavior is disrespectful to me or to the other students in class, I will ask you to leave the class. Calculators: You should have a simple calculator that can take square roots. Graphing and other scientific calculators that allow you to input formulas and other text CANNOT be used during exams. If you are found using one of these calculators during the exam then the calculator will be confiscated and returned to you after you finish the exam. Text: Gravetter, F. J., & Wallnau, L. B. (2002). Essentials of statistics for the behavioral sciences (4th edition). Brooks/Cole Publishing Company: Pacific Grove, CA. Study Guide (not required): Study guide for Gravetter and Wallnau’s Essentials of Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences (4th Edition). Brooks/Cole Publishing Company: Pacific Grove, CA. Class web page: http://wings.buffalo.edu/soc-sci/psychology/courses/207/psy207.html NOTE: It is best to access the class web page using Microsoft Internet Explorer. This will make reading and printing PowerPoint slides and tables easier. If you try to view a slide and it doesn’t load, then hit the refresh button at the top of your browser. Exams There will be 4 non-cumulative exams. The exams will be multiple-choice and each will be worth 100 points. You must take all 4 tests. None will be dropped. The only excuse for missing a test is your illness or a very, very grave circumstance, both of which must be verified in writing (e.g., a physicians note) shortly after the missed exam. For those of you who miss an exam because of one of the above reasons with appropriate verification, there will be one make-up exam period at the end of the semester (April 24 11:00-12:20, Knox 20). This will be the ONLY option to make up missed exams. If you miss an exam because of a grave circumstance, but you can’t take the make-up on this day, then you will receive a 0 for that exam. Each test will cover material from lecture, the text, and the problem sets. You do not need to memorize formulas for the exams. All necessary formulas will be supplied with the exam. Exam grades will be posted on the class web page, usually within 5 days of the exam. Exam-day procedures 2 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 ***REVISED 1/21/03 Because of the large size of the class, it is important that exams are administered in a strictly organized fashion to insure fair and adequate testing conditions. Therefore, strict procedures will be followed. Any student who does not comply with all of the following procedures will receive zero points on the exam: 1. You must bring your SUNYCard, 2 sharpened number 2 pencils, and a calculator. I will not provide pencils or calculators if you forget yours. 2. Arrive on time and take a seat, filling in the front rows first. No one will be allowed to enter the room to take an exam after the first person has left the room. 3. During the exam: A. Place all materials under your seat, out of view of yourself and other students. B. Keep the exam flat on the table, except to turn the page. Do not hold the exam up in front of you to read the questions. C. You may write on the exam. If you need to make notations, make sure that these are too small to be seen by a fellow student. 4. Hand in both the answer sheet and test as you leave the room. Make sure that you have your SUNYCard ready to show the proctor as you hand in the exam. Extra-Credit Problem Sets There will be 12 problem sets. You are not required to do these problem sets, but you are strongly encouraged to complete them. The problem sets are designed to give you practice with hand calculations and to earn extra-credit. Familiarity with hand calculation of statistics will help you understand the concepts covered in class. Your TA will go over the problem sets in Lab on the assigned week (see class schedule below). I recommend that you complete the problem sets before your TA reviews the material. This will help you identify topics that you don’t understand, and will give you an opportunity to correct your mistakes. You can attend any lab you like, but you must hand in your problem sets to your assigned TA. DO NOT HAND PROBLEM SETS TO DR. COLDER. Your TA will collect problem sets to check whether or not you have completed them. TAs will not grade or correct problem sets, they are just keeping a record of who completes each problem set. You are expected to attend lab so that you can correct your own problem sets. You will receive extracredit for completing each problem set. You will receive 1.5 points for handing in a completed problem set on the assigned date. Problem sets can be picked up during the following lab meeting, or during your TA’s office hours. It is your responsibility to pick up the problem sets from your TA in a timely fashion. You will not be given credit for completed problem sets that are handed after the specified due date and time. No problem sets will be collected after the specified due date. I have made this rule because doing the problem sets on time will help you keep up with the class and prepare for tests. The class material will be cumulative. If you fall behind at some point, everything that follows won’t make sense. I urge you to keep up with the problem sets. The problem sets should be neatly written and well organized so that you can easily study from them. Questions should be clearly numbered. For problems involving calculations, you should show all of your work. This will make it easier for you to study from your problem sets. Make sure to include your name and Person number on the problem set. From time to time the lecture may lag behind problem sets. This is OK and problem sets will still be due on the date specified in your syllabus (see class schedule starting on line 262). The important point is that you are getting repeated exposure to the material. This will help you learn statistics better. 3 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 ***REVISED 1/21/03 Final Grade Your final grade in the course is based on your total points accumulated on the 4 exams. The only opportunity for extra credit will be the points earned for problem sets. The points earned for your problem sets will be added to your total. Cutoffs for letter grades are based on the following points earned: Total Points Letter Grade 376-400 A 360-375 A348-359 B+ 336-347 B 320-335 B304-319 C+ 288-303 C 272-287 C256-271 D+ 240-255 D Below 240 F How to study The class material will be cumulative. If you fall behind at some point, everything that follows won’t make sense. It is critical that you study consistently throughout the semester. My experience has shown that if you do not keep up with this course and cram for exams, then you won’t do well. The following studying strategy is taken from Maki, R. H. & Maki, W. S. (1999) Study guide for Kalat’s Introduction to Psychology. NY: Wadsworth Publishing. For more detailed information, please see their guide. Survey, Process meaningfully, Ask questions, and Review and self-test are 4 recommended steps to follow as you study the course material. 1. Survey: The objective here is to figure out what to learn. To meet this objective, it is helpful to have a general idea of the topics covered. Text: Each chapter of your book starts with a brief outline of the material to be covered. Read the outline to get an overview before you read the entire chapter. Each chapter ends with a summary. Read the summary and ask yourself what information you will need to understand each point made in the summary. Do this before you start reading the entire chapter. Lecture: Look at the syllabus so you know what material will be covered each day. Read the relevant material before going to class so that you have a background for the material being presented in lecture. From time to time the class may lag behind or move ahead of the syllabus, and so you need to attend class and listen to lecture to make sure that you are on schedule. 2. Process meaningfully: The objective here is to understand the material in a meaningful way. This means processing the material deeply and not simply memorizing. Text: Read the chapters carefully. Read the chapter before lecture. Stop and think about what you have read at the end of each section. Don’t just memorize because understanding is critical. Try to relate the material to what you already know. Think of other examples of concepts. At the end of each major section in each chapter you will find “Learning Check.” These are questions to help you review the material you’ve just read. These questions will force you to actively think about 4 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 ***REVISED 1/21/03 the material at a deep level after you have read it. Try to answer these questions. If you get a question wrong, then write down the correct answer along with you incorrect answer and review the relevant section of your text. Be sure to write down why your answer was incorrect. Lecture: Read over your notes after class and write comments in the margins. This is when you should fill in pieces of information that you missed or clarify a point that is unclear. Try to add examples or apply concepts to other situations. 3. Ask questions: The objective here is to anticipate the kind of questions that you will be asked later so you will have practice picking out the important concepts. Text: You should complete the problems at the end of each chapter. The answers to the odd numbered problems are in the back of the book. If you get a problem wrong, write down the correct answer and go back to the relevant material in your book. Make a note about why your answer is incorrect. If you still don’t understand why your answer is incorrect, then see the TA or your instructor. The same should be done for the 12 problem sets. Lecture: Review your lecture notes. Write out an exam question for each main point presented. 4. Review and Self-test: The objective here is to test your memory and understanding of the material. It is important that you identify the material that has not been well learned before the exam so that you can study this material. Text: At the end of each chapter is “Focus on problem solving.” Write out answers to these questions and check them against the material in your text. If you have trouble with any of these questions, then you have not learned that concept. Re-read the relevant section of your text until you are able to respond to each question. The study guide also reviews the material and has self-test questions that follow along with each chapter. Lecture: Write out answers to the questions that you wrote in the margins of your lecture notes. Check the answers against your notes. If you can’t generate good answers than see your TA or instructor. The above steps should be done continuously AS WE COVER the relevant material in class. Don’t try to cram these steps into the week before an exam. If you follow the above steps each week, then when it comes time for an exam you will be almost ready. There should be no need for cramming. Use your questions, notes, problem sets, and text to review for the test. Write out answers to your questions and the “Focus on problem solving” questions again. Spend some time comparing your new answers with your old ones. Review any material that you have forgotten. Read over each chapter outline and give a one or two sentence summary of each topic. If you have trouble doing this, then review the relevant material. Go back to the problems at then end of each chapter and the problem sets, and review questions that you missed. Make sure that you understand why your incorrect answers are incorrect. In summary, it is important to actively engage with the material. Simply memorizing terms and concepts is not an effective way to learn. Students often repeat definitions of new terms over and over again until they have memorized the definition. Memorizing definitions is not as good as using the word in a sentence. The same is true for learning new concepts that will be presented in this course. Repetition of the course material is important, but the repetition must involve thinking about the meaning of the material and connecting it with information that is already known. This means generating examples of your own and connecting the material to concepts that you already know. Forming study groups may be helpful in generating examples and questions. If you follow the steps 5 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 ***REVISED 1/21/03 above, then you should be able to learn the course material at a deep level. A good way to test this is to explain the major concepts in each chapter to another person (i.e., TA, instructor, friend, another student in the class). If have trouble explaining a concept in your own words then you don’t understand it, and you must get some help before you take the exam. ListServ I have established a ListServ for this class. A ListServ is an email-based discussion group. Once you are subscribed to the list, you will automatically receive copies of every message that is sent to the list via E-mail. The ListServ is an opportunity for you to discuss material covered in the course with other students. It is open to students enrolled in the course, Dr. Colder, and the TAs. Important announcements will also be posted on the ListServ. You must use your UB email address. If you haven’t enabled your UB email account then you can contact CIT accounts office (645-3540) or consult the CIT web page for students (http://www.cit.buffalo.edu/students.html). If you want to use a non-UB email address, then you can set up a mail forwarding protocol on your UB account to have your mail forwarded to the non-UB address. You can contact the CIT help desk if you need help in setting up a mail forwarding protocol (645-3542). Those of you who have registered for the course and who have a UB-email address have automatically been added to the ListServ. Please see the class web page for further instructions and rules about using the ListServ. Notice Regarding Students with Disabilities If you have a disability (physical or psychological), and require reasonable accommodations to enable you to participate in this course, such as note takers, readers, or extended time on exams and assignments, please contact the Office of Disability Services, 25 Capen Hall, 645-2608, and also me during the first two weeks of class. ODS will provide you with information and review appropriate arrangements for reasonable accommodations. Policies Regarding Academic Dishonesty Academic dishonesty will not be tolerated. Please review the Undergraduate Handbook for a description of the university policies and procedures for cases of academic dishonesty. Students suspected of infringement will first meet with the instructor for an informal review of the situation. Cases may also be forwarded to the university Judiciary review in accordance with the procedures outlined in the Student Handbook. Academic dishonesty may be punished by expulsion from the university. Class Schedule Although occasionally we may fall a little behind or ahead in the lecture schedule, you still need to be prepared for lab as per the schedule below. Week of 1/13 Labs: 1/17 B1-B2, B5-B6 Review of Problem Set #1 (Research methods, Terms, concepts) Note: If you are in Lab B7 or B8 you don’t have lab on 1/20 (MLK day), and so you should attend LAB B1-B2 or B5-B6 on 1/17, or Lab B3-B4 on 1/22. Lecture: 6 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 1/14 1/16 Introduction to Statistics & Research Methods Math Terms and Concepts ***REVISED 1/21/03 Chapter 1 Week of 1/20 PROBLEM SET #1 DUE 1/21 TO YOUR TA (in lab or to their office) BY 4:15 pm. Labs: 1/22 B3-B4 Review of Problem Set #1 (Research methods, Terms, concepts) 1/24 B1-B2, B5-B6 Review of Problem Sets #2 & #3 (Frequency Distribution & Central Tendency) Note: If you are in Lab B7 or B8 you don’t have lab on 1/20 (MLK day), and so you should attend LAB B1-B2 or B5-B6 on 1/17, or Lab B3-B4 on 1/22. Lecture: 1/21 Frequency Distributions & Graphs 1/23 Central Tendency Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Week of 1/27 PROBLEM SETS #2 & #3 DUE 1/27 TO YOUR TA (in lab or to their office) BY 4:15 pm. Labs: 1/27 B7-B8 Review of Problem Sets #2 & #3 (Frequency Distribution & Central Tendency) 1/29 B3-B4 Review of Problem Sets #2 & #3 (Frequency Distribution & Central Tendency) 1/31 B1-B2, B5-B6 Review of Problem Set #4 (Variability & Z-scores) & Exam review Lecture: 1/28 Variability Chapter 4 1/30 Z-Scores Chapter 5 Week of 2/3 PROBLEM SET #4 DUE 2/3 TO YOUR TA (in lab or to their office) BY 4:15 pm. Labs: 2/3 B7-B8 Review of Problem Set #4 (Variability & Z-scores) & Exam review 2/5 B3-B4 Review of Problem Set #4 (Variability & Z-scores) & Exam review 2/7 B1-B2, B5-B6 Review of Problem Set #5 (Probability) Lecture: 2/4 Probability Chapter 6 2/6 Exam 1 (covers Chapters 1-4) Week of 2/10 PROBLEM SET #5 DUE 2/10 TO YOUR TA (in lab or to their office) BY 4:15 pm. Labs: 2/10 B7-B8 Review of Problem Set #5 (Probability) 2/12 B3-B4 Review of Problem Set #5 (Probability) 2/14 B1-B2, B5-B6 Review of Problem Set #6 (Sampling distributions) Lecture: 2/11 Probability continued 2/13 Sampling Distributions Chapter 7 Week of 2/17 7 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 ***REVISED 1/21/03 PROBLEM SET #6 DUE 2/17 TO YOUR TA (in lab or to their office) BY 4:15 pm. Labs: 2/17 B7-B8 Review of Problem Set #6 (Sampling Distributions) 2/19 B3-B4 Review of Problem Set #6 (Sampling Distributions) 2/21 B1-B2, B5-B6 Review of Problem Set #7 (Hypothesis Testing & One Sample Z-test) & Exam review Lecture: 2/18 Sampling Distributions continued 2/20 Hypothesis Testing Chapter 8 Week of 2/24 PROBLEM SET #7 DUE 2/24 TO YOUR TA (in lab or to their office) BY 4:15 pm. Labs: 2/24 B7-B8 Review of Problem Set #7 (Hypothesis Testing & One Sample Z-test) & Exam review 2/26 B3-B4 Review of Problem Set #7 (Hypothesis Testing & One Sample Z-test) & Exam review 2/28 B1-B2, B5-B6 Review of Problem Set #8 (Intro to t-test) Lecture: 2/25 Hypothesis Testing continued Chapter 8 2/27 Introduction to the t-test Chapter 9 Week of 3/3 PROBLEM SET #8 DUE 3/3 TO YOUR TA (in lab or to their office) BY 4:15 pm. Labs: 3/3 B7-B8 Review of Problem Set #8 (Intro to t-test) 3/5 B3-B4 Review of Problem Set #8 (Intro to t-test) 3/7 B1-B2, B5-B6 Review of Problem Set #9 (Independent Samples t-test) Lectures: 3/4 Exam 2 (covers Chapters 5-8) 3/6 Independent Samples t-test Chapter 10 Week of 3/10 Spring Recess Week of 3/17 *NO PROBLEM SET DUE THIS WEEK Labs: 3/17 B7-B8 Review of Problem Set #8 (Independent Samples t-test) 3/19 B3-B4 Review of Problem Set #8 (Independent Samples t-test) 3/21 B1-B2, B5-B6 Review of Problem Set #9 (Point estimation) & Exam Review Lecture: 3/18 Related samples t-test & review of independent sample t-test Chapter 11 3/20 Point Estimation Chapter 12 Week of 3/24 8 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 ***REVISED 1/21/03 PROBLEM SET #9 DUE 3/24 TO YOUR TA (in lab or to their office) BY 4:15 pm. Labs: 3/24 B7-B8 Review of Problem Set #9 (Point estimation & Confidence Intervals) & Exam Review 3/26 B3-B4 Review of Problem Set #9 (Point estimation & Confidence Intervals) & Exam Review 3/28 B1-B2, B5-B6 Review of Problem Set #10 (ANOVA) Lecture: 3/25 ANOVA Chapter 13 3/27 Exam 3 (chapters 9-12) Week of 3/31 PROBLEM SET #10 DUE 3/31 TO YOUR TA (in lab or to their office) BY 4:15 pm. Labs: 3/31 B7-B8 Review of Problem Set #10 (ANOVA) 4/2 B3-B4 Review of Problem Set #10 (ANOVA) 4/4 B1-B2, B5-B6 Review of Problem Set #11 (2-way ANOVA) Lecture: 4/1 2-way ANOVA Chapter 14 4/3 2-way ANOVA continued Week of 4/7 PROBLEM SET #11 DUE 4/7 TO YOUR TA (in lab or to their office) BY 4:15 pm. Labs: 4/7 B7-B8 Review of Problem Set #11 (2-way ANOVA) 4/9 B3-B4 Review of Problem Set #11 (2-way ANOVA) 4/11 B1-B2, B5-B6 Review of Problem Set #12 (Correlation/Regression & Chi-Square) & Exam Review Lecture: 4/8 Correlation/Regression Chapter 15 4/10 Chi-Square Chapter 16 Week of 4/14 PROBLEM SET #12 DUE 4/14 TO YOUR TA (in lab or to their office) BY 4:15 pm. Labs: 4/14 B7-B8 Review of Problem Set #12 (Correlation/Regression & Chi-Square) & Exam Review 4/16 B3-B4 Review of Problem Set #12 (Correlation/Regression & Chi-Square) & Exam Review 4/18 B1-B2, B5-B6 No Lab Lecture: 4/15 ANOVA example from the literature 4/17 Correlation/Regression example from the literature Week of 4/21 Labs: No LAB Lecture: 4/22 Exam #4 (Chapters 13-16) 9 406 4/24 ***REVISED 1/21/03 No Lecture Make-up Exam (see lines 80-86 of your syllabus for make-up exam policy) 10