A.P. European History
Chapter 25
Nationalism
1. How did "nation building" transform the major states of
nineteenth-century Europe?
2. Why did nationalism become a universal faith in Europe between
1850 and 1914?
3. How did it evolve so that it gained the support of the broad masses
of society?
4. Why did the voters of France elect Louis Napoleon president in
1848? Why did they elect him emperor a few years later?
5. What were some of the benefits Napoleon bestowed on his
subjects?
6. Did Napoleon allow any political opposition to exist? Explain his
political system and why it eventually broke down.
7. Italy before 1860 was merely a "geographical expression." Explain.
8. What were the three basic approaches to Italian unification?
Which one prevailed?
9. What was the nature and significance of Garibaldi's liberation of
Sicily and Naples in 1860? Why was Cavour so nervous about
Garibaldi?
10. What were the causes and results of the Austro-Prussian War?
11. What was the significance of the Zollverein in German history?
12. Why did the Prussian liberals make an about-face and support
their old enemy Bismarck after 1866?
13. Describe the status of the Russian serf in the early nineteenth
century. Hoe beneficial was the reform of 1861 to the serf?
14. Why was the Crimean War a turning point in Russian history?
15. Describe the economic nationalism of the Russian minister of
finance, Sergei Witte.
16. Russia used the West to catch up with the West. Explain by
citing examples.
17. Compare and contrast the consequences of the Crimean and
Russo-Japanese wars.
18. What does it mean to say that "Russia was partially modernized
on the eve of World War One"?
19. Was the new Germany a democracy? Where did power reside in
the Germany of 1871?
20. What was Bismarck's relationship (after 1871 ) with (a) the
Catholic church, (b) the liberals, and (c) the Socialists?
21. What were the German social welfare laws? What were their
origins?
22. Describe the fortunes and misfortunes of the German Socialists
(Social Democratic Party) from about 1872 to 1912.
23. Discuss the causes and the outcome of the Dreyfus affair in
France in 1898-99.
24. What were the major political developments and issues in Britain
and Ireland? Was the Irish problem solvable?
25. In What ways were ethnic rivalries and growing anti-Semitism
related in Austro-Hungary?
26. How does one account for the rapid growth of socialist parties in
Europe in the last quarter of the nineteenth century?
27. What was the purpose of the socialist Internationals? To
what degree did they represent working-class unity?
28. What were the general arguments of the revisionist and gradualist
socialists? Were they true Marxists?
39. William II
40. John Stuart Mill
Explain what the following events were, who participated in them,
and why they were important.
41. The "People's Budget" (Britain)
42. Napoleon III's coup d'etat
43. May Day
44. Assassination of Tsar Alexander II
45. Establishment of the Zollverein (1834)
46. Establishment of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy
47. Treaty of Villafranca
48. Paris Commune of 1871
49. Ulster revolt of December 1913
Explain the outcome and significance of each of the following wars.
Year
Outcome and
Significance
50. Danish War
51. Austro-Prussian War
52. Franco-Prussian War
53. Crimean War
54. Russo-Japanese War
Test your understanding of the chapter by answering the following
questions.
55. In 1851, the French voters approved/disapproved of Louis Napoleon's seizure
of power.
56. Increasingly, the main opposition to Napoleon III came from the middle
class/working class/upper class.
57. The Russian victory/defeat in the Crimean War of 1853-1856 contributed to
freedom/serfdom for the Russian peasants after 1861.
58. After 1848, the pope supported/opposed Italian unification.
Identify each of the following and give his or her 59. After 1873, the price of wheat on the world market rose/fell rather
significance.
frantically.
29. Benjamin Disraeli
30. Emmeline Pankhurst
31. Jules Ferry
32. Sergei Witte
33. Alexander II
34. Camillo Benso di Cavour
35. Edward Bernstein
36. Pius IX
37. William Glaldstone
38. Giuseppe Garibaldi
60. The minority Irish Ulsterites were Catholic/Protestant and for/against
home rule.
61. Bismarck used war with Austria/France/Russia in order to bring the south
Germans into a united Germany.
MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
62. The most industrialized, socialized, and unionized continental country by
1914 was
a. France
b. Germany
c. Italy
d. Belgium
63. The Russian zemstvo was a (n)
a. Industrial workers' council.
b. Local government assembly.
c. Terrorist group.
d. Village priest.
64. The Kulturkampf in Germany was an attack on
a. Liberals.
b. Socialists.
c. The Catholic church.
d. All of the above
d. Prussian culture.
80. The German Zollverein was
65. The first modern social security laws were passed in the 1880's in
a. A trade union.
a. Britain.
b. A customs union.
b. France.
c. An "all-German" parliament.
c. Russia.
d. None of the above
d. Germany.
81. Bismarck's policy toward the Social Democrats was one of
66. The general tendency of unions toward the end of the 19th
a. Limited support
century was
b. Political alliance to defeat the military party.
a. To move closer to Marxism.
c. Total repression.
b. To move toward evolutionary socialism.
d. None of the above
c. To reject socialism altogether.
d. Increasingly to favor revolution.
67. After 1850, the disciples of nationalism in Italy looked for
leadership from
a. Prussia.
b. The papacy.
c. Sardinia-Piedmont.
d. The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
68. Cavour's program for the unification of northern Italy included
all of the following except
a. Improved transportation.
b. Increased power for the Catholic church.
c. Civil liberties.
d. War and secret diplomacy.
69. Russian social and political reforms in the 1860's could best be
described as
a. Revolutionary.
b. Totally ineffective.
c. Halfway measures.
d. Extremely effective.
70. Witte's plans for the economic development of Russia included
a. Lowering protective tariffs.
b. Taking Russia off the gold standard.
c. Encouraging foreign investment.
d. Bringing Russian Marxists into the government.
71. Bismarck's Kulturkampf was directed against
a. German liberals.
b. The Catholic church.
c. The aristocracy.
d. The Russians.
72. Those who fought for conviction in the Dreyfus case of 1898 in
France included all except
a. Catholics.
b. The army.
c. Radical republicans.
d. Anti-Semites.
73. Among those opposing home rule in Ireland were
a. Catholics.
b. Ulsterites.
c. Irish peasants.
d. William Gladstone.
74. After 1870, Marxian socialists
a. Accepted the revisionist theories of Edward Bernstein.
b. Failed to grow in number.
c. Formed a second international organization.
d. Refused to participate in national elections.
75. Which of the following is not true with regard to German
unification?
a. It was completed in 1871 with a war with France.
b. The chief architect of the movement was Otto von Bismarck.
c. The unification process was directed by the German state of
Austria.
d. Unification did not include liberal and democratic ideas and
methods.
76. After 1871, the European balance of power
a. Shifted in favor of Russia.
b. Broke down because of British naval supremacy.
c. Shifted in favor of Germany.
d. All of the above.
77. After 1873, European agriculture was
a. In a state of depression.
b. Inefficient compared with North America's.
c. Experiencing a glut in the world grain market.
d. All of the above
78. The Third French Republic
a. Brutally crushed the Commune of 1871.
b. Passed considerable reforms.
c. Legalized trade unions.
d. All of the above
79. The Russian defeat in the Crimean War of 1853-56 hastened
a. The modernization of Russia.
b. Legal and local political reform.
c. The abolition of serfdom.