ANSWER KEY
Civics & Economics Final Project
Review Book
This will count as 2 Test Grades. You may write/type the answers using your textbook, class notes, or
reliable online sources. Check the items off the list as you complete them. Each page must have illustrations
to represent each topic.
Page 1: Cover - Includes title “C&E Review Book” (Including illustration)
Page 2: Table of Contents
Unit 1: CITIZENSHIP
Page 3: American Mosaic- define the term “American Mosaic” including information about immigration
(incorporate a variety of demographics & backgrounds, must be illustrated)
Page 4: List and explain all of the duties and responsibilities of citizenship
Unit 2: FOUNDATIONS OF GOVERNMENT
Page 5: Explain the concept and meaning of the phrase “no taxation without representation” w/
illustration of topic
Page 6: The documents that influenced the U.S. Government (list and explain how they influenced our
government; Magna Carta, Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, Bill of Rights)
Page 7: The 6 goals of government as stated in the Preamble to the Constitution. (There are 6, you must
define and illustrate each principle)
Unit 3: CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT
Page 8: Define- Checks & Balances, Separation of Powers, and Federalism (should include which thinkers
influenced American government with these ideas) w/ illustrations
Page 9: The First Amendment (List freedoms and illustrate)
Page 10: Explain the process used to amend the US Constitution (can create a chart to illustrate and
explain
Unit 4: LEGISLATIVE BRANCH (Congress)
Page 11: Senate (Membership, requirements, leaders, powers)
Page 12: The House of Representatives (Membership, requirements, leaders, and powers)
Page 13: How a bill becomes a law--flowchart of the process
Page 14: Define Interest group and lobbyist and explain their role in Congress
Unit 5: EXECUTIVE BRANCH (President)
Page 15: Powers and Roles of the President--List & define
Page 16: Diagram of the composition of the executive branch (Who is in it? Depts & the Cabinet)
Page 17: Define and explain the electoral college
Unit 6: JUDICIAL BRANCH (Supreme Court)
Page 18: Create a diagram of the Federal Court System (Lower court levels through the supreme court
including court jurisdictions
ANSWER KEY
Page 19: Create a diagram of the trial and appeals process
Page 20: Define the following amendments: 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 14th
Page 21: Research and the Marbury vs. Madison case and explain judicial review
Unit 7: STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Page 22: Create a table of the 3 branches of local government, the responsibilities and powers of those
branches, and an example for each
Unit 8: ECONOMICS
Page 23: Major Economic Systems- Free market, Command, Mixed. Define each, bullet points in a table
format may be used
Page 24: Supply & Demand- Create a scenario that uses supply & demand, and a graph that displays that
example
Page 25: Define & Explain the 4 factors of production with a illustration for each
Discussion Questions:
1. Analyze and explain the relationship between the Enlightenment ideas of John Locke and the founding
ideas of the United States as set forth in the Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson. In
your response, be sure to provide at least two examples of how Locke may have influenced Jefferson.
2. Explain how tensions between British governmental authority and the American
colonists contributed to the American Revolution. Include a specific example in
your response.
3. Choose a North Carolina industry and explain its importance in the national
economy. Include two examples of that industry’s global importance.
4. “No government can exist without taxation. This money must necessarily be levied on the people; and
the grand art consists of levying so as not to oppress.’ --Frederick the Great, 18-century Prussian king
“The power of taxing people and their property is essential to the very existence of
government.” -- James Madison, U.S. President
Take a position that argues for or against the point of view of these statesmen.
Explain your position by providing one specific example that supports your
argument.
5. Establishing financial goals is an essential part of financial literacy. Explain how
career and education can affect a person's financial future.
ANSWER KEY
C&E
FINAL EXAM
REVIEW BOOK
Name: ______________
Class/Period:_________
ANSWER KEY
Table of Contents
Page 3- UNIT 1: Citizenship
Page 4- UNIT 2:
Foundations of Govt
Page 5- UNIT 3:
Constitutional Govt
Page 6: UNIT 4: Legislative
Branch
Page 7- UNIT 5: Executive
Branch
Page 8- UNIT 6: Judicial
Branch
Page 9- UNIT 7: State &
Local Govt
Page 10- UNIT 8:
Economics
Page 11: DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
ANSWER KEY
UNIT 1: CITIZENSHIP
Page 3: Define the term “American Mosaic” including information about
immigration (incorporate a variety of demographics & backgrounds, must be
illustrated)
American Mosaic: American culture is no longer a melting pot of immigrants and
ethnic backgrounds merging into one culture, but is now much more diverse and
celebrates multiculturalism where all cultures are represented and can be pieced
together to create one big picture of American culture where each different “tile” or
group is an essential part of the picture.
Page 4: List & explain all of the duties and responsibilities of citizenship
● Work toward the common good: contribute to society, volunteer, run for office,
etc.
● Vote: basic rights to vote for national & local representatives and on public
issues
● Hold govt office: making a difference
● Participate in election campaigns: to help candidates spread message & win
elections
● Contact local & state reps with concerns- “Office of citizen”
● Pay taxes & Obey laws
● Register for Selective Service @ 18 (males, military draft)
ANSWER KEY
UNIT 2: FOUNDATIONS OF GOVERNMENT
Page 5: Explain the concept and meaning of the phrase “no taxation without representation” w/
illustration of the topic
“No taxation without representation” was the slogan used by colonists to express their outrage at the
English government for issuing and charging heavy taxes to the colonists without providing them with
a voice in government (Parliament)
Page 6: The documents that influenced the U.S government (list & explain how they influenced our
government; Magna Carta, Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, Bill of Rights)
Document
Influence on U.S.A
Magna Carta
Limited power of central leader
Declaration of Independence
Secured Americans’ natural rights (Life, liberty,
pursuit of happiness (property)
Articles of Confederation
Est. national legislature (Congress w/ powers to
declare war, make foreign treaties, & trade
agreements), helped to pave the way for US
Constitution
Bill of Rights
Est. certain individual rights & freedoms of the
people
Page 7: The 6 goals of government as stated in the Preamble to the Constitution. (There are 6, you
must define and illustrate each principle)
· To Form a More Perfect Union: Unite all 13 states under one central government
· To Establish Justice: set up our legal system to handle disputes btwn people & bwtn states
· To Ensure Domestic Tranquility: peaceful, protected society
· To Provide for the Common Defense: est. military to protect country from foreign attacks
· To Promote the General Welfare: Creates conditions to benefit all Americans
· To Secure the Blessings of Liberty to Ourselves & Our Posterity: grants freedoms for us
& future generations
ANSWER KEY
Unit 3: CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT
Page 8: Define- Checks & Balances, Separation of Powers, and Federalism (should include which
thinkers influenced American government with these ideas) w/ illustrations
TERM
DEFINITION
THINKER
Checks & Balances
A system that gives
each branch of
government ways to
limit the powers of the
other two branches
Montesquieu
Separation of
Powers
Dividing of government Montesquieu
power among
legislative, executive, &
judicial branches
Federalism
The division of powers
between the states and
the federal, national
government
PICTURE
Framers of
Constitution
Page 9: The First Amendment (List freedoms and illustrate)
Guarantees freedom of religion, of speech, and of the press; the right to assemble peacefully, and the
right to petition the government
ANSWER KEY
Page 10: Explain the process used to amend the US Constitution (can create a chart to illustrate and
explain
Amendment Process: the way in which changes are added to the Constitution
Step 1
Step 2
Page 14: Define Interest group and lobbyist and explain their role in Congress
Interest Groups: people who work together for similar interests or goals. Help gain support for
campaigns for Congress.
Lobbyists: people who represent interest groups to gain support/oppose a bill
UNIT 5- EXECUTIVE BRANCH
Page 15: Powers & Roles of the President--list & define
● Commander in Chief=makes important military decisions
● Chief Diplomat=represents the US in foreign relations & policy
● Chief Legislator=makes decisions in Congress in relation to domestic policy
● Chief Executive=head of executive branch, executes laws
● Guardian of the Economy=approves and addresses national budget
● Chief of State=ceremonial duties (awarding medals, greeting citizens, etc)
● Party Leader=Lead representative of his political party
Page 16: Diagram of the composition of the executive branch(who is in it? Depts &
Cabinet)
White House Staff: advisors & assistants to the President, speech writers, legal aids, etc
Vice President: can fill in for President in the event of his death, usually is almost invisible
Dept of State
foreign policy, ambassadors, United Nations
Dept of Treasury
federal taxes, IRS, postal stamps, coins
Dept of Defense
military branches, bases, & weapons
Dept of Interior
Nat’l parks, wildlife & natural resource
protection
Dept of Agriculture
farmer assistance, food stamps, school lunch
Dept of Justice
FBI, enforces federal law, maintains fed prisons
Dept of Commerce
census data, American business, trademarks &
ANSWER KEY
patents
Dept of Labor
minimum wage, unemployment programs,
working conditions, training
Dept of Health & Human Services
Medicare, FDA, Public Health Services
Dept of Education
assistance & standards for k-12 & colleges, equal
opportunity education
Dept of Housing & Urban Development
low income housing, community development
Dept of Transportation
Maintains local & state highways, sets safety
standards
Dept of Energy
Energy sources, conservation, alternative fuels,
electricity
Dept of Veterans Affairs
medical, educational, financial assistance to
military service men & women
Dept of Homeland Security
Runs FEMA, provides secret service to Pres &
VP, USCG, Customs
** Cabinet is comprised of the heads of these exec depts**
Page 17: Define & explain the electoral college
Electoral College: Members of Congress acts as electors and cast their votes for President
● 538 electors - one vote for each--> majority = 270
● Numbers of state votes are determined by population
● Votes count to “carry” or “win” states for the candidate
ANSWER KEY
UNIT 6: JUDICIAL BRANCH
Page 18: Create a diagram of the Federal Court system (lower court levels through the
supreme court including jurisdictions)
Page 19: Create a diagram of the trial and appeals process
ANSWER KEY
Page 20: Define the following amendments: 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, & 14th
○ 4th: Protects people from unreasonable searches & seizures
○ 5th: Guarantees that no one may be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due
process of law (habeas corpus, eminent domain, double jeopardy)
○ 6th: Guarantees the right to a trial by jury in criminal cases (trial)
○ 7th: Guarantees the right to a trial by jury in most civil cases (lawsuits, divorces)
○ 14th: Granted former slaves US citizenship
Page 21: Research the Marbury vs. Madison (1803) case and explain judicial review
Before leaving office, President John Adams had promised William Marbury the position of justice of
the peace of Washington, D.C. Official papers stating this were to be delivered before the end of
Adams’ term as President by Chief Justice John Marshall along with 58 others that John Adams
appointed before the end of his term to guarantee members of his political party would be in office.
Thomas Jefferson was sworn into office before this could happen and he specifically asked James
Madison (his Secretary of State) to not deliver those documents. Marbury sued James Madison asking
the Supreme Court to require him to deliver the papers, the Supreme Court had original jurisdiction in
this case because the Court has a right to review the constitutionality of executive acts under the idea
of checks & balances. The Supreme Court could not, however, issue this requirement to Madison
because the Judiciary Act of 1789 declared it unconstitutional. The Judiciary Act of 1789 and the US
Constitution were in conflict with each other, thus the ruling established judicial review which allows
the court to review previous precedents of the judicial branch and review the actions of both the
executive & legislative branches. This also brought the Supreme Court up to being equal to the other
branches
UNIT 7: STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Page 22: Create a table of the 3 branches of local government, the responsibilities &
powers of those branches, and an example for each.
LEGISLATIVE
● NC General Assembly
● Represent NC in US
Congress in D.C.
● Represent
constituents when
voting on bills &
legislation
● Bills= same process
as US Congress
● Senators: Kay
Hagan/Richard Burr
● NC Reps: John Bell
● US Senate Reps:
Walter Jones, GK
EXECUTIVE
● Governor & Lt. Gov
● Commands local NC
Nat’l guard
● Prepares state
budget
● Proposes new
laws,vetoes/signs
bills
● can pardon
criminals
● Appoints certain
state officials
● Includes executive
depts (education,
JUDICIAL
● NC Supreme Court
● Hear civil & criminal
cases
● have both trial &
appellate courts
● Judges & district
attorneys are elected
● Rulings must abide
by federal
Constitution
ANSWER KEY
Butterfield
transportation, etc.)
● Gov. Pat McCrory
● Lt. Gov Dan Forest
Unit 8: PEOPLE & POLITICS
Page 23. List the qualifications for voting. Explain how a person can register to vote.
Identify reasons why citizens fail to vote.
18+, citizen, registered; register at DMV or board of elections; citizens do not care or are
uneducated
Page 24. Describe characteristics of both Republicans and Democrats. What is a Moderate?
Democrats: Democrats believe it is the responsibility of government to care for all individuals,
even if it means giving up some individual rights and/or subordinating enterprise and initiative.
Democrat Party push for the centralization of govt power in Washington D.C. Democrats favor
federal-level interventions that replace community-based solutions to community problems.
Republicans: Republicans believe that each person is responsible for his or her own place in society.
Government should enable each person the ability to secure the benefits of society for themselves,
their families and for those who are unable to care for themselves.
The Republican=limiting the government intervention Government should only intervene in specific
cases where society cannot effectively act at the individual level. With the core belief that individual
destiny should be in the individual’s hands, governmental power and resources should be kept close to
the people, not centralized in distant federal government agencies.
Moderates: Not on the extreme side of either party, but practice politics more in the center of both
Democrats and Republicans.
Page 25. List and describe the 6 functions of political parties
●
●
●
●
●
●
Recruit & Nominate Candidates for Public Offices
Help candidates win elections
Set Party goals
Provide leadership
Act as Watchdog
Help citizens
Page 26. List ways Public Policy is influenced by INDIVIDUALS, INTEREST GROUPS, AND MEDIA
Individuals: can be involved in political campaigns and inform other citizens about
candidates, can become involved in political actions committees and initiatives
Interest groups: can influence representatives and their votes, represent a larger
organization
Media: can influence and persuade the public opinion with information about candidates
UNIT 9: ECONOMICS
Page 27: Major economic systems- free market, Command, mixed. Define each, bullet points in a
table format may be used.
FREE MARKET ECON
COMMAND ECON
MIXED ECON
ANSWER KEY
● Also known as free
enterprise
● Each individual decides
what to produce, how to
produce it, who they sell
it to, & how to invest
profits of the sale
● Capitalism
● Govt leaders decide
which goods & services
are produced and
available and how those
goods/services will be
distributed
● Farms, stores, banks,
transportation, etc= govt
controlled
● Communism
● Blend elements of
traditional, market, &
command economies
● Traditional= decisions
based on what ancestors
have done
● Ex: China, USA
Page 28: Supply & Demand- Create a scenario that uses supply & demand, and a graph that displays that
example
Strawberries are currently in season and in high demand. The market price for strawberries is $3.00 a basket
and producers/farmers are providing about 1,000 baskets. Consumers are demanding 1000 baskets
Page 29: Define & Explain the 4 factors of production with a illustration for each
Land: where business/factory is located
Labor: employees/workers
Capital: tools used in business & investments
Entrepreneurship: owner of business
ANSWER KEY
Discussion Questions:
1. Analyze and explain the relationship between the Enlightenment ideas of John Locke and the founding
ideas of the United States as set forth in the Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson. In
your response, be sure to provide at least two examples of how Locke may have influenced Jefferson.
2. Explain how tensions between British governmental authority and the American
colonists contributed to the American Revolution. Include a specific example in
your response.
3. Choose a North Carolina industry and explain its importance in the national
economy. Include two examples of that industry’s global importance.
4. “No government can exist without taxation. This money must necessarily be levied on the people; and
the grand art consists of levying so as not to oppress.’ --Frederick the Great, 18-century Prussian king
“The power of taxing people and their property is essential to the very existence of
government.” -- James Madison, U.S. President
Take a position that argues for or against the point of view of these statesmen.
Explain your position by providing one specific example that supports your
argument.
5. Establishing financial goals is an essential part of financial literacy. Explain how
career and education can affect a person's financial future.