Chapter 13 Review sheet
Protein Synthesis
Part I. Short answer
1.
Fill in the chart below comparing DNA and RNA.
Sugar
Phosphate group
Bases
Number of strands
Shape
Location in cell
2.
DNA
Deoxyribose
Yes
A, T, C, & G
2
Double helix
Nucleus only
RNA
Yes
Fill in the chart below comparing transcription with replication.
Location in cell
Produces
Copies
Use the enzyme
Replication
Nucleus
DNA
Both sides of DNA
molecule
DNA polymerase
Transcription
3. Why does the process of transcription need to occur in order to make a protein?
4.
Name two ways that mutations can affect the making of proteins in the organism.
5. The process of __________________________ makes mRNA from DNA.
6. The process of ________________________ makes a protein based on the instructions on the
mRNA.
7. Transcription takes place in the _________________ of the cell.
8. Translation takes place in the __________________ of the cell.
9. If the codon is GUA, the anticodon that would pair with it would be __________.
Part II. Protein synthesis. Examine the diagram below. Then, answer the questions that follow.
10. Label the nucleus in the picture above.
11. Label the ribosome in the picture above.
12. Label the DNA in the diagram above.
13. The mRNA will be divided into groups of three bases (labeled “A” above) called
_____________ once it arrives at the ribosome.
14. Label a tRNA molecule in the diagram on the previous page.
15. The group of three bases attached to the tRNA molecule is called a(n) ______________.
16. Label an amino acid in the picture on the previous page.
17. Amino acids will be joined together to build what larger molecules?
18. Label a peptide bond in the picture on the previous page.
Part III. Translating the genetic code.
19. If the DNA sequence is CGC TAC CGC TTA ATT, what would the mRNA made from it
look like? (5 points)
20. Use the genetic code chart from your packet to translate the sequence of mRNA below into
its corresponding amino acids. List the amino acids in order on your answer sheet. Be sure to
write the entire name of each amino acid; do not abbreviate them.
mRNA: CCU CUC GAG AAU
Amino acid sequence:
21. Use the chart on the last page to explain why each sequence of mRNA ends with either
UAG, UAA, or UGA.
Part IV. Gene mutations. Compare each mRNA sequence to the original sequence shown
below. Identify the type of mutation (frameshift or point). If it is a point mutation, identify the
type (silent, nonsense, or missense).
Original sequence: CCU GUU AAC GGG
22. CCUGUUACGGG
23. CCAGUUAACGGG
24. CCUGUUAACGAG
25. CCUGUUAACUGA