The Colonies
A. Thirteen years after Jamestown began, the Pilgrims settled the colony of
Plymouth
1. they received a charter to establish a colony at the mouth of the
Hudson River
2. William Bradford was the leader of the Pilgrims
3. why the Pilgrims came to North America: (explain)
B. Now that the Pilgrims had arrived they took steps for their survival
1. they established the Mayflower Compact
2. this established the rules for a self-governing colony
a. male church members were the ones who had the say
3. made alliances with the Native Americans (in particular Squanto)
a. taught the Pilgrims what and when to plant
4. the first Thanksgiving: (explain)
5. because conditions were so bad for the Puritans in England at the
time, many came to North America
6. The English Civil War ended this Great Migration: (how)
7. prior to this about 15,000 Puritans settled in Massachusetts
C. The Puritans established a very strict lifestyle in which Church and State
were one
1. education was vital because knowing the Bible provided
understanding and direction
2. everyone in the community was expected to live a “moral life”
3. who decided the idea of a “moral life”: (explain)
a. predestination - (define)
4. in Puritan society women were viewed as subservient to men
5. families were large – not uncommon to have 9 to 10 children
6. Mary Buell’s legacy: (explain)
D. Soon the Puritan society grew and people began leaving for various
reasons
1. Thomas Hooker moved south and established Connecticut because
of the need for more farmland
2. Roger Williams left and established Rhode Island: (why)
E. One of the greatest fears was a challenge to the Puritan way of life
1. Anne Hutchinson was banished from Massachusetts for her
questioning and interpretation of religious teachings/sermons
a. she argued that her insights were directly inspired by God
2. the Salem Witch Trials tore through Massachusetts
a. seizures: (explanation)
b. Tituba: (identify)
3. in the end 19 people were hanged for witchcraft
The Southern Colonies
F. Cecilius Calvert carried on his father’s dream of a colony in North
America for Catholics being persecuted in England
1. he helped pass the Toleration Act in 1649: (explain)
2. Maryland turned to the planting of tobacco (like their southern
neighbors – Virginia) to make money
3. with this agricultural society being developed their was a need
for labor
a. this was filed by both slaves and indentured servants
4. negative effects of an all agricultural society: (explain)
5. land became so important that tension soon grew between the
Native Americans and the settlers
6. when the leaders of Virginia refused to support a war against the
Native Americans, Nathaniel Bacon began – Bacon’s Rebellion
a. he raised an army and fought against the Native Americans
b. his group later went on to attack plantations of wealthy
settlers and even attacked Jamestown
c. the rebellion ended with Bacon’s sudden death from illness
G. With the growing need for labor, the Sothern colonies began to
exclusively turn to slave labor
1. indentured servants were not seen as economically sound
investment
2. also, it was the indentured servants who made up Bacon’s army
in Bacon’s Rebellion
3. in 1640, the first records show of humans being bought from
Africa for “lifelong servitude”
4. Olaudah Equiano was one of the millions of people forced across
the ocean on the “Middle Passage”: (explain)
H. The Carolinas were founded by supporters of King Charles II in
England
1. these supporters helped Charles regain power after Oliver
Cromwell’s death
2. with the help of the African slaves, the Carolinas developed
profitable rice plantations
a. the slaves bought the knowledge of how to grow rice
from Africa
3. the task system in the Carolinas: (explain)
4. eventually the Carolinas adopted harsher slave codes for fear of
revolt
I. Georgia’s founding was described as a “social experiment”
1. James Oglethorpe settled the colony in 1733
2. Georgia:
a. who was it established for?: (why)
b. why was it established where it was?: (why)
3. the rules against slavery made it difficult for the settlers
to establish profitable plantations
4. ultimately, the English government took control of Georgia
and made it a royal colony
The Middle Colonies
J. New York was originally established by the Dutch with the hopes of
tapping the valuable fur trade industry
1. soon many nationalities swarmed to this area where it was reported
that “settlers spoke 18 different languages”
2. this variety of nationalities made the Dutch a minority and thus
incapable of standing up to the English fleet when they sailed into
the harbor
3. the surrender by Peter Stuyvesant: (explain)
4. King Charles II gave the area to his brother, the Duke of York
a. he renamed the area New York
5. he gave the area of New Jersey to two of his friends to settle
K. The colony of Pennsylvania was founded and immediately set itself
apart from the rest of the colonies
1. William Penn received the land as payment owed to his father from
the King
2. Penn wanted to establish a colony for the Quakers who were
persecuted in England
3. unique aspects of the Pennsylvania colony: (explain)
4. the colony attracted a variety of people
The French and Indian War
L. As more settlers arrived from England, they pushed west across the
Appalachian Mountains and into French claimed territory
1. how France was able to claim the interior of North America:
(explain)
2. the French were unable to control the area because there were few
settlers
a. most people were looking for riches or to trade, not to settle
3. the fur trade was vital to both the French and Native Americans
4. (how each sided benefited):
French –
Native Americans –
5. as a result of this exchange, Native Americans worked to satisfy
the European desire for fur
a. what this eventually caused with Native Americans:
(explain)
M. Eventually the question of land ownership will push the English into
war with the French and Native Americans
1. view of land ownership: (explain)
English Native Americans -
2. by the mid 1600’s the English were routinely attacking the Native
Americans throughout New England
a. the Pequot War saw the death of the entire tribe by 1637
b. this helped lead to a stronger unification among the existing
tribes
3. The Iroquois League (explain)
4. the Iroquois League became a major player in the push for power
and control of North America
5. to counter the Native American alliance, Ben Franklin proposed
The Albany Plan of Union at a meeting of English colonies in
Albany
a. the Albany Plan of Union (explain)
N. The French and Indian War began in the Ohio Valley as the British
pushed west across the Appalachian Mountains and into French claimed
land
1. the British saw early defeats in western Pennsylvania
2. the battle for Fort Duquesne was an excellent example of early
British defeats (explain)
location –
who settled the area –
French reaction –
who the English sent –
ultimate outcome –
O. The war turned in England’s favor when Prime Minister William Pitt
took control of the war effort
1. he poured vast amounts of money into the war and received
immediate results
2. British forces were able to capture and secure the St. Lawrence
River (importance)
3. a huge British force marched on Fort Duquesne (what happened)
4. with the English military success the Iroquois cut their support for
France and joined England
a. this, along with the fall of Montreal and Quebec in Canada,
secured victory for the British
5. the Treaty of Paris officially ended the French and Indian War
(what did it say)