european
a u t o m o bi l e
m a n u fa c t u r e r s
a s s o ci at io n
published by
ACEA Communications department
Please order your personal copy via communications@acea.be
Quynh-Nhu Huynh, Director Economics & Statistics
Please direct enquiries to statistics@acea.be
s tat is t ic s c o m pi l e d by
This paper is made in an environmentally-friendly way and according to FSC certification
© ACEA_september 2013
t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
Foreword
With the latest data on vehicle production, registration, use and taxation, as well as employment
and trade, ACEA’s Automobile Industry Pocket Guide provides a map of the European automobile
industry today.
As the key figures of this sixth edition clearly show, the automobile industry is the engine of Europe in terms of its skilled workforce, levels of investment in research and development, the size of its
manufacturing base, as well as its trade and tax contributions.
Today, however, the industry stands at a critical juncture, with the economic crisis having taken a harsh
toll. Since the 2007 peak, vehicle registrations have shrunk by a quarter - down 4.4 million vehicles.
Despite this difficult context, the automotive industry is ready to meet the challenges ahead. It is also
ready to support Europe in its ‘mission growth’ of boosting industry’s share of EU GDP to 20% by 2020.
In order to be able to adapt to changing demands, our sector requires a robust industrial policy. It needs
a supportive regulatory framework that will foster competitiveness, ultimately
stimulating growth, jobs and investment - thereby benefiting the European
economy as a whole.
Erik Jonnaert
ACEA Secretary General
1
ACEA
ABOUT ACEA
t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
ACEA represents Europe’s car, van, truck and bus makers
Members and partners
ACEA
The European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association (ACEA) represents the fifteen Europe-based
car, van, truck and bus makers: BMW Group, Daimler, DAF, Fiat, Ford of Europe, General Motors Europe,
Hyundai Motor Europe, Iveco, Jaguar Land Rover, PSA Peugeot Citroën, Renault, Toyota Motor Europe,
Volkswagen Group, Volvo Cars, Volvo Group.
ACEA has permanent cooperation with the European Council for Automotive R&D (EUCAR),
which is the industry body for collaborative research and development.
ACEA has close relations with 29 national automobile manufacturers’ associations in Europe
and maintains a dialogue on international issues with automobile associations around the world.
It also works with a variety of institutional, non-governmental, research and civil society partners
as well as with a number of industry associations with related interests.
5
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ACEA’s mission and priorities
ACEA’s mission is to:
define and voice the common interests, policies and positions of the European automobile industry;
engage in dialogue with the European institutions and other stakeholders in order to advance
understanding of industry-related issues, and to contribute to effective legislation;
act as a portal for specialist knowledge on vehicle-related regulation;
communicate the role and importance of the industry, using reliable data and information;
monitor activities that influence the automobile industry, cooperating with the actors involved;
undertake strategic reflection on the increasingly global challenges of sustainability and competitiveness.
The automotive industry is one of the most regulated sectors in Europe. This legislative framework consists
of around 80 EU Directives and over 70 international UNECE regulatory agreements, mostly covering
technical issues and standardisation. Through its member companies, ACEA taps into a wealth of technical,
regulatory and practical expertise in the following priority fields:
– Environment and sustainability
– Competitiveness, market and economy
– International trade
– Research and innovation
–Safety
– Transport policy
6
t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
How ACEA works
ACEA
The ACEA Board of Directors is composed of the CEOs of its member companies. Additionally,
a Commercial Vehicle Board of Directors addresses the specific issues facing the commercial vehicle
manufacturers that ACEA represents: DAF Trucks, Daimler Trucks, Iveco, MAN Truck & Bus, Scania,
Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles and Volvo Group.
The day-to-day work of the ACEA secretariat is overseen by the Secretary General, who ensures that the
Board of Directors’ priorities are addressed. Technical expertise and advisory input come from working
groups on topics as diverse as emissions, road and vehicle safety, general transport policy and regulatory
compliance. These specialist working groups are made up of experts from the member companies and
are chaired by ACEA staff.
7
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ACEA secretariat
Secretary General
Safety Director
Communications Director
Ivan Hodac
Erik Jonnaert (as from 1 October 2013)
Gianfranco Burzio
Cara McLaughlin
Statistics & Economics Director
Communications Manager
Quynh-Nhu Huynh
Charles de Lusignan
Technical Affairs Director
Information Technology Director
Erwin Kirschner
Marc Vanderstraeten
Trade & Economics Director
Finance & Administration Director
Erik Bergelin
Tanguy De Decker
Emissions & Fuels Director
Paul Greening
Environmental Policy Director
Peter Kunze
Legal & Taxation Director
Marc Greven
Trade Adviser
Mobility & Sustainable Transport Director
Máté Kander
Petr Dolejsi
Transport Policy Director
Parliamentary Affairs Director
Fuensanta Martinez-Sans
Céline Domecq
Regulatory Affairs Director
Eskil Sturesson
8
ACEA
Avenue des Nerviens 85
B-1040 Brussels
+32 2 732 55 50
info@acea.be
ACEA Tokyo Office
Anthony Millington
+81 3 350 563 41
anrm@miinet.or.jp
ACEA Beijing Office
Dominik Declercq
+86 10 6463 4055
dd@acea-beijing.com
t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
ACEA members
DAIMLER AG
D – 70546 Stuttgart
T. +49 711 170
www.bmwgroup.com
www.daimler.com
DAF TRUCKS NV
Hugo van der Goeslaan 1
NL – 5643 PT Eindhoven
T. + 31 40 214 9111
FIAT SpA
Via Nizza 250
I – 10126 Turin
T. +39 011 003 11 11
GENERAL MOTORS EUROPE AG
ADAM OPEL AG
Bahnhofsplatz
D – 65423 Rüsselsheim
T. +49 6142 770
www.daftrucks.com
www.fiatspa.com
www.gm.com
ACEA
FORD OF EUROPE GmbH
Henry Fordstrasse 1
D – 50725 Cologne
T. +49 221 900
BMW AG
Petuelring 130
D – 80788 Munich
T. +49 89 3820
www.ford.com
9
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HYUNDAI MOTOR EUROPE GmbH
Kaiserleipromenade 5
D – 63067 Offenbach am Main
T. +49 69 271 4720
www.hyundai-europe.com
IVECO SpA
Via Puglia 35
I – 10156 Turin
T. +39 011 006 11 11
www.iveco.com
JAGUAR LAND ROVER
Banbury Road
Gaydon
UK – Warwick CV35 ORR
T. +44 19 2664 1111
www.jaguarlandrover.com
RENAULT SA
Quai Alphonse Le Gallo 13-15
F – 92109 Boulogne-Billancourt
T. +33 1 41 04 50 50
www.renault.com
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE SA
Avenue du Bourget 60
B – 1140 Brussels
T. +32 2 745 21 11
www.toyota.eu
VOLKSWAGEN AG
Berliner Ring 2
D – 38436 Wolfsburg
T. +49 536 190
www.volkswagenag.com
VOLVO CAR CORPORATION
S – 405 31 Gothenburg
T. +46 31 59 00 00
MAN Truck & Bus AG
(Commercial Vehicle Board member)
Postfach 50 06 20
D – 80995 Munich
T. +49 891 580 01
www.mantruckandbus.com
www.volvocars.com
10
PSA PEUGEOT CITROËN
Avenue de la Grande Armée 75
F – 75116 Paris Cedex
T. +33 1 40 66 55 11
AB VOLVO
S – 405 08 Gothenburg
T. +46 31 66 51 70
SCANIA AB
(Commercial Vehicle Board member)
S – 151 87 Sodertalje
T. +46 8 55 38 10 00
www.psa-peugeot-citroen.com
www.volvogroup.com
www.scania.com
t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
Brussels ACEA member representations
BMW Group Representative Office
Boulevard de Waterloo 25
B –1000 Brussels
T. +32 2 737 50 30
Fiat Delegation to Europe
Rue Jules Cockx 12A
B –1160 Brussels
T. +32 2 513 63 92
Ford Motor Company EU Affairs
Rue Montoyer 40 B7
B –1000 Brussels
T. +32 2 761 06 11
GM Europe Public Policy
& Government Relations
Rue d’Idalie 11-13
B –1050 Brussels
T. +32 2 773 69 81
Iveco Delegation to Europe
A. Gossetlaan 28A B3
B-1702 Groot-Bijgaarden
T. +32 2 467 12 11
ACEA
Daimler EU Corporate Representation
Rue Froissart 133
B –1040 Brussels
T. +32 2 233 11 45
Hyundai Motor Group Brussels Office
Rue de la Loi 227
B –1040 Brussels
T. +32 2 205 03 60
Jaguar Land Rover Brussels Office
Rue Abbé Cuypers 3
B –1040 Brussels
T. +32 2 741 24 60
11
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PSA Peugeot Citroën EU Delegation
Avenue des Arts 53
B –1000 Brussels
T. +32 2 545 11 79
12
Volkswagen Group EU Representation
Rue Archimède 25
B –1000 Brussels
T. +32 2 645 49 53
Renault European Affairs
Avenue des Arts 40
B –1040 Brussels
T. +32 2 274 10 00
Volvo Car Corporation
Brussels Office EU Affairs
Rue du Luxembourg 3
B –1000 Brussels
T. +32 2 503 69 67
Toyota Motor Europe
Avenue du Bourget 60
B –1140 Brussels
T. +32 2 745 33 13
Volvo Group EU Representation
Rue du Luxembourg 3
B –1000 Brussels
T. +32 2 482 58 70
MAN Truck & Bus Brussels Office
(Commercial Vehicle Board member)
Rue Jacques de Lalaing 4
B –1040 Brussels
T. +32 2 230 41 95
Scania EU Representation
(Commercial Vehicle Board member)
c/o Kreab Gavin Anderson
Avenue de Tervueren 2
B –1040 Brussels
T. +32 2 737 69 02
t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
ACEA associated organisations
_bulgaria
ACM
_austria
FFOE
Association of Car Manufacturers and their
Authorised Representatives for Bulgaria
Automobile Industry Association of Austria
Veliko Tarnovo Street 37
BG–1504 Sofia
T. +359 2 946 12 50
F. +359 2 94 33 944
Wiedner Hauptstrasse 63
A–1045 Vienna
T. +43 5 90 900 48 00
F. +43 5 90 900 289
www.svab.bg
www.wk.or.at/fahrzeuge
_czech republic
AIA CR (SAP)
Automotive Industry Association of the CR
Opletalova 55
CZ–110 00 Prague 1
T. +420 221 602 982
F. +420 224 239 690
www.autosap.cz
_belgium
FEBIAC
OEB
Belgian Federation of Automobile &
Motorcycle Industries
DBI
Boulevard de la Woluwe 46 B6
B–1200 Brussels
T. +32 2 778 64 00
F. +32 2 762 81 71
Acropoleos Avenue 2 &
Glafkou Street
PoBox 21657
CY–1511 Nicosia
T. +357 22 66 51 02
F. +357 22 66 94 59
www.febiac.be
http://en.oeb.org.cy
www.bilimp.dk
ACEA
_cyprus
_denmark
Employers & Industrialists Federation
Danish Car Importers Association
Rådhuspladsen 16
DK–1550 Copenhagen V
T. +45 39 16 23 23
F. +45 39 16 24 24
13
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14
_estonia
AMTEL
_france
CCFA
_greece
AMVIR (SEAA)
Union of Estonian Car Sales
and Service Enterprises
French Automobile Manufacturers’
Association
Association of Motor Vehicle Importers’
Representatives
Pärnu Road 232
EST–11314 Tallinn
T. +372 672 23 08
F. +372 650 21 97
Rue de Presbourg 2
F–75008 Paris
T. +33 1 49 52 51 00
F. +33 1 49 52 51 88
Kifisias Avenue 296
GR–152 32 Chalandri – Athens
T. +30 210 689 1400
F. +30 210 685 9 022
www.amtel.ee
www.ccfa.fr
www.seaa.gr
_finland
AUTOTUOJAT RY
VDA
_hungary
AHAI (MGSZ)
Association of Automobile Importers
in Finland
German Association of the Automotive
Industry
Association of the Hungarian
Automotive Industry
Ateneuminkuja 2 C
FIN– 00100 Helsinki
T. +358 207 928 850
F. +358 207 928 859
Behrenstrasse 35
D –10117 Berlin
T. +49 30 897 8420
F. +49 30 897 842 600
Thán Károly u. 3– 5
H–1119 Budapest
T. +36 1 382 9805
F. +36 1 382 9810
www.autotuojat.fi
www.vda.de
www.gepjarmuipar.hu
_germany
_ireland
SIMI
_ l at v i a
AUTO ASOCIĀCIJAS
_ m a lta
ACIM
Society of the Irish Motor Industry
Automotive Association
Association of Car Importers Malta
Upper Pembroke Street 5
IRL– Dublin 2
T. +353 1 676 16 90
F. +353 1 661 92 13
Vangažu Street 5
LV–1024 Riga
T. +371 6 752 99 79
F. +371 6 754 03 15
PoBox 50 Valletta Building
MT– Sint Gwann
T. +356 21 38 57 74
F. +356 21 22 33 06
www.simi.ie
www.lpaa.lv
_the
_lithuania
ACEA
t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
netherlands
RAI
_ i ta ly
ANFIA
LAA
Motorcycle & Automobile Industry Association
Italian Association of the Automobile Industry
Lithuanian Autoenterpreneurs’ Association
Corso Galileo Ferraris 61
I – 10128 Turin
T. +39 011 554 65 11
F. +39 011 545 986
P. Žadeikos g. 1b
LT– 06319 Vilnius
T. +370 5 230 12 24
F. +370 5 230 12 25
Koningin Wilhelminaplein 30
PoBox 74800
NL–1062 KR Amsterdam
T. + 31 20 504 49 49
F. +31 20 646 38 57
www.anfia.it
www.laa.lt
www.raivereniging.nl
15
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_slovenia
ADS
BIL
_ n o r w ay
_portugal
ACAP
Association of Automobile Manufacturers
and Authorised Importers
Automobile Importers’ Association
Automobile Association of Portugal
Økernveien 99
PoBox 71 Økern
N– 0508 Oslo
T. +47 22 64 64 55
F. +47 22 64 85 95
Avenida Torre de Belém 29
P –1400– 342 Lisbon
T. +351 21 303 53 00
F. +351 21 302 14 74
c/o Chamber of Commerce
& Industry of Slovenia
Dimiceva 13
SI – 1000 Ljubljana
T. +386 1 58 98 217
F. +386 1 58 98 219
www.acap.pt
www.bilimportorene.no
_poland
PZPM
16
www.ads– slo.org
_romania
ACAROM
_slovak
ZAP SR
republic
Polish Automotive Industry Association
Automobile Manufacturers’ Association
of Romania
Al. Niepodległości 69
PL– 02– 626 Warsaw
T. +48 22 322 71 98
F. +48 22 322 76 65
Str. Banu Mãrãcine – Bl. D5
RO –110194 Pitesti
T. +40 248 211 245
F. +40 248 217 990
Tomášikova 26
SK – 821 01 Bratislava
T. +421 2 4364 2235
F. +421 2 4364 2237
www.pzpm.org.pl
www.acarom.ro
www.zapsr.sk
Automotive Industry Association SR
t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
_spain
ANFAC
auto-suisse
Spanish Association of Car
& Truck Manufacturers
Automobile Association
of Swiss Importers
Iberia Mart II Building
Calle Orense 34
E – 28020 Madrid
T. +34 91 343 13 45
F. +34 91 343 13 77
Mittelstrasse 32
Postfach 5232
CH – 3001 Bern
T. +41 31 306 65 65
F. +41 31 306 65 50
www.anfac.com
www.auto-suisse.ch
www.auto-schweiz.ch
_switzerland
kingdom
Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders
Great Peter Street 71
UK – London SW1P 2BN
T. +44 207 235 70 00
F. +44 207 235 71 12
www.smmt.co.uk
ACEA
_sweden
BIL Sweden
_united
SMMT
_turkey
Swedish Association of Automobile
Manufacturers & Importers
OSD
Box 26173 – Storgatan 19
S – 100 41 Stockholm
T. +46 8 700 41 00
F. +46 8 791 23 11
Atilla Sokak 10 Altunizade
TR– 34676 Istanbul
T. +90 216 318 29 94
F. +90 216 321 94 97
www.bilsweden.se
www.osd.org.tr
Automotive Manufacturers’ Association
17
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The European Council for Automotive R&D (EUCAR) is the collaborative
research organisation of the major automobile manufacturers in Europe,
with the mission to strengthen the competitiveness of the manufacturers
through strategic collaborative research and innovation.
The EUCAR Office is composed of:
Simon Godwin
sg@eucar.be
Director
Alessandro Coda
ac@eucar.be
Research Coordinator
Assistant to Chairman and Director
eucar@eucar.be
EUCAR members are:
BMW, DAF, Daimler, Fiat,
Ford Europe, GM/Opel,
Jaguar Land Rover, Porsche,
PSA Peugeot Citroën, Renault,
Scania, Volkswagen,
Volvo Cars and Volvo Group.
18
Together with its members, EUCAR drives the strategy and assessment
of collaborative automotive research and innovation, and establishes
common work with the European Commission, member states and other
key stakeholders. These activities facilitate the participation of EUCAR’s
members in high-quality projects with industrially-relevant results. Projects
are mainly financed through the EU Framework Programmes for research
and innovation, matched with industry funding.
EUCAR’s activities also cover commercial vehicle research and
development.
EUCAR collaborative research is focused on the following domains:
Sustainable propulsion
Safe and integrated mobility
Affordability and competitiveness
EUCAR is governed by its Council, composed of the heads
of the research and advanced development divisions of the member
companies. EUCAR’s Chairman is nominated annually from the Council
on a rotating basis.
Key Figures
KEY FIGURES
t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
Cars and buses offer freedom and
mobility for all, providing us with
direct access to education, health
and employment.
Trucks and vans deliver the goods
and services we take for granted
in our daily lives, carrying 75% of
freight transported over land and
delivering 18 billion tonnes
of goods per year.
Many of our essential public
services - such as postal, waste
and emergency services - are
delivered by cars, trucks and
vans.
12.9 million people work
in the sector – representing 5.3%
of the EU employed population.
The 3 million high-skilled jobs
in automotive manufacturing
represent 10% of the EU’s
manufacturing employment.
The automotive sector is the
EU’s largest investor in R&D,
accounting for 25% of total R&D
spending.
Key figures
The automobile
industry:
the engine
of Europe
The EU auto industry invests over
€32 billion into R&D and applies
for 9,500 patents per year.
21
k e y f ig u r e s
Vehicle manufacturing is a
strategic industry in the EU,
where 16.2 million cars,
vans, trucks and buses are
manufactured.
Motor vehicles account for over
€385 billion in tax contribution
in just 14 EU countries - a vital
source of government revenue.
ACEA’s members operate 208
vehicle assembly and production
plants in 22 countries across
Europe.
Europe’s cars, vans, trucks
and buses are the cleanest, safest
and quietest in the world.
Europe leads the way in clean
production, with decreasing
quantities of water and energy
used to manufacture a vehicle,
and much less CO2 and waste
produced in the process.
22
The European auto industry is
a global player, delivering
6.6 million ‘Made in Europe’
vehicles around the world, and
bringing in a €92 billion trade
surplus.
The €839 billion turnover
generated by the automotive
sector represents 6.9% of EU
GDP.
The automobile industry has
ripple effects throughout the
economy, supporting a vast
supply chain and generating an
array of business services.
t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
Driving sustainable mobility...
Europe’s cars, vans, trucks and buses are the cleanest, safest and quietest in the world.
Europe leads the way in clean production, with decreasing quantities of water and energy used
to manufacture a vehicle, and much less CO2 and waste being produced in the process.
Over the past 30 years, safety technologies have helped halve the number of road deaths, despite
a three-fold increase in traffic.
One car in the 1970s produced as many pollutant emissions as 100 cars today.
The average car engine emits 28 times less carbon monoxide than 20 years ago.
In 2012, 71% of new cars emitted less than 140g of CO2 per kilometre, and more than half of those
less than 120g.
An average new car today consumes 15% less fuel per 100km than 10 years ago.
Noise from passenger cars has been reduced by 90% since 1970.
Pollutant emissions from trucks have been slashed to near-zero levels, down 98% since 1990.
Key figures
Trucks’ fuel consumption - and therefore CO2 emissions - has decreased by over a third
since 1970.
A modern truck needs just 1 litre of fuel to transport 1 tonne of goods over a distance of 100km.
25 of today’s trucks and buses are quieter than one built in 1980.
23
k e y f ig u r e s
The automobile sector is the EU’s biggest investor in R&D
R&D shares of sectors of the main world regions | 2011
EU
Pharmaceuticals & biotechnology
Technology hardware & equipment
Automobiles & parts
Software & computer services
Electronical equipment
Chemicals
Industrial engineering
Aerospace & defence
Leisure goods
General industrials
Other
15%
US
25%
12%
23%
Japan
0%
23%
11%
11%
10%
20%
30%
5%
4%
40%
50%
5%
5%
6%
16%
7%
25%
Source: The 2012 EU industrial r&d investment scoreboard
European commission, jrc/dg rtd
24
3%
11%
2% 3%
7%
60%
3%
70%
11
3%
23%
4%
11%
1
4%
13%
5%
80%
13%
90%
100%
t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
Spurring innovation
Patent applications filed by the automotive sector | 2012
EU
21.6%
Japan
14.8% US
1.9% Switzerland
1.2%
South Korea
0.9%
Canada
0.8% China
0.8% Taiwan
2.4%
Others
In
a total of
2012,
9,541
patents
were filed by the automotive sector
at the European Patent Office
Key figures
55.6%
Source: based on European Patent Office data - 2013
25
Employment
EMPLOYMENT
k e y f ig u r e s
Key figures
Production Total motor vehicles (World)
Total motor vehicles (EU27)
Total passenger cars (World)
Total passenger cars (EU27)
Production value
New Registrations Total motor vehicles (World)
Total motor vehicles (EU27)
Total passenger cars (World)
Total passenger cars (EU27)
Diesel (Western Europe)
Employment Manufacture of motor vehicles (EU27)
Total (including indirect, EU27)
Turnover
Manufacture of motor vehicles (EU27)
R&D Investment
ACEA members
Value Added
EU27
Exports
Extra-EU27
Imports
Extra-EU27
Trade Balance
Extra-EU27
MV in use (Parc) Total motor vehicles
(EU27) Passenger Cars
Motorisation rate (cars)
Tax Revenue from Motor Vehicles (EU15) W.Europe = EU15 + EFTA
Source: ACEA, VDA, AAA, IHS Global Insight, Eurostat
26
2012
84.1m units
2012
16.2m units = 19% of worldwide MV production
2012
63.1m units
2012
14.6m units = 23% of worldwide PC production
2011
€ 718.7bn
2012
82.1m units
2012
13.7m units = 17% of worldwide MV registrations/sales
2012
69.1m units
2012
12.1m units = 18% of worldwide PC registrations/sales
2012
55%
2010
2.2m people = 7.2% of EU manufacturing
2010
12.9m people = 5.3% of EU employed population
2011
€840.5bn
2012
€32.3bn = 4% of turnover
2010
€141.1bn = 9% of manufacturing sector
2012
€119.8bn
2012
€27.9bn
2012
€91.9bn
2011
277.0m units
2011
242.2m units
2011
483 per 1,000 inhab.
2012€384.6bn
Employment
Employment
The automotive industry generates 12.9 million jobs in the EU
Automobile sector: direct and indirect* employment
AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY (PRODUCTION OPERATIONS)
(NACE c291)
(NACE c292)
(NACE c293)
2.2m jobs
direct
3.0m jobs
OTHER MANUFACTURING ACTIVITIES
›Manufacture, retreading and rebuilding of rubber tyres and tubes
›Manufacture of bearings, gears, gearing and driving elements
›Manufacture of cooling and ventilation equipment
›Manufacture of computers and other information processing equipment
›Manufacture of electric motors, generators and transformers
(NACE c2211)
(NACE c2815)
(NACE c2825)
(NACE c262)
(NACE c2711)
manufacturing
0.8m jobs
indirect
›Sale of motor vehicles
›Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles
›Sale of motor vehicle parts and accessories
›Retail sale of automotive fuel
›Renting and leasing of motor vehicles
(NACE g451)
(NACE g452)
(NACE g453)
(NACE g473)
(NACE n771)
Total
12.9m jobs
4.3m jobs
9.9m jobs
non-manufacturing
TRANSPORT
›Passenger land transport (urban and suburban, taxi)
›Freight transport by road
10.7m jobs
indirect
(NACE h493)
(NACE h4941)
4.8m jobs
(NACE f4211)
(NACE f4213)
0.7m jobs
CONSTRUCTION
›Construction of roads and motorways
›Construction of bridges and tunnels
Taxation
Source: Based on Eurostat most recent data available - 2010
AUTOMOBILE USE
Trade
›Automobile manufacturing
›Coachwork, trailers, caravans
›Equipment and accessories
*Indirect employment data does not report employment in raw material sector (eg steel, aluminium, glass, etc), textile, driving schools, licensing activities, vehicle testing, vehicle insurance and financing, etc.
29
employment
Trends in automotive employment in the EU
EU automobile employment – by year | 2008 – 2010
Units
16,000,000
14,000,000
12,000,000
10,000,000
Source: Based on Eurostat most recent comprehensive data available - 2010
8,000,000
6,000,000
Manufacturing direct
4,000,000
Manufacturing indirect*
Automobile use
2,000,000
Transport
Construction
0
2008
Employment related to the automotive sector
Manufacturing direct
Manufacturing indirect *
2009
2010
2008
2009
2010
% chg 10/08
2,233,4222,218,6002,176,498
813,947877,120816,994
-2.5%
0.4%
Automobile use
4,443,6454,549,7004,348,100
-2.2%
Transport
5,111,3004,816,5004,818,900
-5.7%
Construction
Total
759,100748,400713,200
13,361,41413,210,32012,873,692
-6.0%
-3.7%
*Indirect employment data does not report employment in raw material sector (eg steel, aluminium, glass, etc), textile, driving schools, licensing activities, vehicle testing, vehicle insurance and financing, etc.
30
Employment
Employment
10% of EU’s manufacturing employment is in the automotive sector
Total manufacturing employment in the EU (% share)
Direct automotive employment (manufacturing)
2.2m people
= 7.3% of total EU employment in manufacturing
Manufacturing employment related to the automotive sector
3.0m people = 10.0% of total EU employment in manufacturing
Total automotive employment (manufacturing, services* and construction) 12.9m people
= 5.3% of EU employed population
EU27 total population in 2010
493.8m people
EU27 total employment in 2010
216.4m people
EU27 employed population in the manufacturing sector
Source: Based on Eurostat most recent data available - 2010
30.0m people
Trade
Indirect automotive
2.7% manufacturing employment 0.8m
EU manufacturing employment
non-automotive 30m 90.0%
Taxation
Source: Based on Eurostat data - 2010
Direct automotive
7.3% manufacturing employment 2.2m
= 13.9% of total employed population
*in activities specified
31
employment
A closer look at automotive employment
Direct automotive employment - by country | 2010
Units - in thousands
900
800
749
Source: Based on Eurostat data 2010 - revised in 2013
700
32
600
500
400
300
225
200
171
149
141
140
136
100
117
66
65
51
35
30
29
20
13
10
7
4
3
3
1
1
0
BE
PT
AT
NL
SI
BG
FI
DK
EE
IE
LT
LV
CY
0
DE
FR
IT
PL
ES
CZ
UK
RO
SE
HU
SK
Employment
Employment
Road transport accounts for almost half of all transport-related jobs
Employment* – by mode of transport in the EU (% share) | 2010
Passenger transport
18.5%
Road transport 46.5%
Warehousing and support activities 23.9%
Postal and courier activities 17.0%
Railways
6.5%
Air transport 3.8%
Sea transport 1.7%
Inland water transport 0.4%
Pipelines
0.2%
Trade
Feight transport
28.0%
Taxation
Source: Based on Eurostat data - 2010
* Employment in companies the main activity of which lies in the transport mode concerned
33
Production
production
Production
23.2% of the world’s cars are produced in the EU
Passenger car production - international comparison (% share) | 2000 – 2012
NAFTA
Japan
South Korea
37.1%
35.2%
20,000,000
39.3%
34.1%
26.2%
15,000,000
10,000,000
23.2%
19.2%
20.3% 20.3%
14.3%
15.8%
14.2%
Source: OICA - 2013
BRIC
Production
EU*
Units
25,000,000
11.0%
8.7%
5,000,000
6.3%
8.4%
13.6%
6.6%
7.2%
6.6%
0
2000
2005
2010
2012
Passenger car production - world | 2012
Source: OICA – 2013
EU*
Volume
NAFTA
Japan
8,554,21913.6%
South Korea
4,167,0896.6%
BRIC
Others
Total World
% share
14,611,28423.2%
6,956,15811.0%
23,401,647 37.1%
5,379,144
63,069,541
8.5%
100%
* Constant EU27 perimeter throughout the period
37
P r o d u c t io n
Passenger car production - world (% share) | 2012
Source: ACEA - OICA – 2013
11.0% NAFTA
South Korea6.6%
13.6% Japan
India5.2%
23.2% EU
Asia-Others4.3%
24.6% China
Brazil4.2%
Others3.2%
Russia3.1%
Europe - Others1.0%
Asia - others : Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Taiwan, Thailand
Europe - others : Serbia, Turkey, Ukraine
Others : Argentina, Egypt, Iran, South Africa, Uzbekistan
Commercial vehicle production - world (% share) | 2012
Source: ACEA - OICA – 2013
6.6% Japan
38
Thailand7.2%
India4.1%
7.7% EU
Europe - Others3.6%
17.8% China
Others3.5%
41.9% NAFTA
Brazil3.4%
Turkey2.7%
Asia-Others2.2%
South Korea1.9%
Asia - others : Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Taiwan
Europe - others : Russia, Serbia, Ukraine
Others : Argentina, Egypt, Iran, South Africa, Uzbekistan
Production
World car production is on the rise
Units
+5.2%
60,000,000
+22.0%
+6.6%
+6.5%
50,000,000
Source: BASED ON OICA - 2013
Production
World passenger car production – trend | 1997-2012
40,000,000
-0.7%
+4.2%
+3.7%
-3.4%
+3.8%
+1.5%
2002
2003
+6.2%
+2.9%
-0.9%
-9.4%
+5.2%
30,000,000
20,000,000
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
World passenger car production – international comparison | 2001-2012
Units
18,000,000
16,000,000
14,000,000
12,000,000
EU
China
Japan
South Korea
India
USA
Brazil
Russia
Source: BASED ON OICA – 2013
10,000,000
8,000,000
6,000,000
4,000,000
2,000,000
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
39
P r o d u c t io n
World commercial vehicle production is climbing
World commercial vehicle production - trend | 1999-2012
Units
25,000,000
Source: BASED ON OICA – 2013
20,000,000
+4.0%
-4.0%
+7.0%
+6.0%
+6.7%
-1.6%
-1.6%
+3.9%
+38.1%
-11.3%
15,000,000
+4.1%
+4.5%
2011
2012
-21.2%
10,000,000
5,000,000
0
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
World commercial vehicle production - international comparison | 2001-2012
Units
9,000,000
8,000,000
7,000,000
6,000,000
USA
China
EU
Thailand
Canada
Japan
Mexico
India
Source: BASED ON OICA – 2013
5,000,000
40
4,000,000
3,000,000
2,000,000
1,000,000
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Production
16.2 million vehicles are produced in the EU
Source: ACEA - 2012 (National Automobile Associations)
+
TOTAL
AUSTRIA
123,60219,060
BELGIUM
507,20433,890
CZECH REPUBLIC1,171,774
FINLAND
FRANCE ²
1,682,814284,951
n.a.
1,967,765
GERMANY ²
5,388,456260,813
n.a.
5,649,269
HUNGARY
215,4402,400 217,840
ITALY
396,817241,186
NETHERLANDS 28,00021,800
POLAND
540,000103,923
PORTUGAL 115,735
ROMANIA
326,55611,187
SLOVAKIA
900,000 900,000
SLOVENIA
SPAIN
SWEDEN ²
UNITED KINGDOM 1,464,90694,045
EU ¹
568
142,662
541,094
1,172,342
2,900
43,831
33,411
764
3,990
22
126,8364,113
1,539,680392,624
46,875
Production
Motor vehicle production in the EU – by country | 2012
2,900
671,414
49,800
644,687
163,556
337,765
130,949
1,979,179
162,814 n.a. 162,814
14,611,2841,435,990
16,289
186,204
1,575,240
16,233,478
1.Double countings are deducted from the totals
2. Figures for CVs + B&C were not communicated in 2012
41
P r o d u c t io n
Trends in EU car production
Passenger car production in the EU | 1990-2012
Units
18,000,000
16,000,000
14,000,000
12,000,000
+8.8%
-3.2%
+2%
+12.4%
+3.8%
+2.9%
+1.1%
+3.1%
+0.2%
+5.6%
-1.2%
-1.2%
+1.9%
+4.3%
-0.9%
+1.3%
-6.7%
+9.9%
-12.8%
+2.7%
-6.9%
-15.1%
10,000,000
8,000,000
Source: ACEA – 2013
6,000,000
4,000,000
2,000,000
0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia
Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom
42
Production
Trends in EU commercial vehicle production
Production
Commercial vehicle production in the EU | 1990-2012
Units
3,000,000
+13.2%
+17.3%
2,000,000
-7.7%
+7.5%
-3.3%
-3.3%
-6.0%
+2.3%
+3.8%
+3.3%
+3.8%
+5.4%
-5.2%
+9.8%
+39.3%
+10.2% +2.2%
-1.0%
-18.7%
+20.6%
-23.5%
-47.3%
Source: ACEA - 2013
1,000,000
0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
43
P r o d u c t io n
The EU produces 35 vehicles per 1,000 inhabitants
Motor vehicle production per 1,000 inhabitants | 2012
180
167
160
140
120
112
100
Production / 1,000 inhabitants
Source: Eurostat; ACEA - 2013
80
69
60
64
49
40
43
35
25
22
17
17
17
16
16
11
0
SK
CZ
DE
SI
BE
ES
FR
EU
* Only production of cars available in 2012
44
30
20
UK
HU
SE*
AT
PL
RO
PT
IT
3
NL
1
FI*
Production
ACEA members operate 208 plants across Europe
Source: ACEA - 2013
EU
Plants
NON - EU
Austria
6
Belarus
2
Belgium
8
Kazakhstan
2
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Hungary
5
Italy
23
Netherlands
Poland
14
Portugal
6
Romania
3
acea members
Slovakia
3
208
Total Europe 22
Slovenia
1
Spain
15
Sweden
14
United Kingdom
30
Plants
1
Russia
11
Serbia
2
2
Turkey
15
36
Ukraine
5
46
Uzbekistan
2
9
Production
Automobile assembly and production plants in Europe
32
all manufacturers Countries
Plants
293
Total Europe25
233
Total EU18
Countries
Plants
183
Total EU17
45
P r o d u c t io n
Europe leads the way in resource-efficient production
European automobile manufacturers have significantly reduced the environmental impact of vehicle production
in recent years.
Long-term strategies to reduce water consumption have made it possible to reduce the water use per car produced by 28.5% from 2005 to 2012. This includes the
increased application of re-circulation technologies for the reuse of water.
Water used
million m3
m3/car
6.50
100
-35.3
95
%
6.00
90
85
5.50
80
75
5.00
Source: ACEA - 2013
70
65
4.50
60
55
50
4.00
2005
2006
Water total (million m3/year)
46
2007
Water per unit produced (m3/car)
2008
2009
Total industry volume production
2010
2011
2012
Production
Energy consumption
million MWh
MWh/car
-10
3.3
.7%
40
3.1
35
2.9
Source: ACEA - 2013
30
2.7
25
2.5
20
2005
2006
Energy total (million MWh/year)
2007
2008
2009
2010
Energy per unit produced (MWh/car)
2011
2012
Total industry volume production
Production
45
As cars are equipped with more and more features to make
them safer, more comfortable and more environmentallyfriendly, the complexity of production increases as well,
which affects energy demand. However, manufacturers
constantly work on improving energy-efficiency. As a
result, total energy consumption over the last years, from
2005 to 2012, decreased by 10.7%. Fluctuation in energy
per car produced can be explained by lower volumes in
production in certain years and weather conditions such
as the harsh winter of 2012.
CO2 emissions
million tons
tons/car
13
0.85
12
0.80
14
0.90
11
0.75
-19.0
%
0.70
Source: ACEA - 2013
10
0.65
9
0.60
8
0.55
7
0.50
2005
2006
CO2 emissions total (million t/year)
2007
2008
2009
2010
CO2 emissions per unit produced (t/car)
2011
2012
Total industry volume production
The CO2 emissions per vehicle produced in the same
period dropped by 10.4%, while the overall figure went
down by 19.0%, reflecting the industry’s efforts to reduce
CO2 emissions.
47
P r o d u c t io n
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) emissions
tons
kg/car
65,000
4.10
3.90
60,000
3.70
- 42
55,000
.6%
3.50
50,000
3.30
Source: ACEA - 2013
45,000
3.10
- 34.
8%
40,000
2.90
2.70
35,000
2.50
2.30
30,000
2005
VOC emissions total (t)
2006
2007
VOC emissions per unit produced (kg/car)
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Total industry volume production
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) are organic solvents mainly emitted from paintshops. The graph shows the VOC emissions per car produced and the absolute emissions
of all passenger car manufacturers altogether. With new technologies such as water-based paints that replace solvent-based paints, manufacturers have been able to reduce
emissions by 34.8% per vehicle over the last eight years.
48
Production
Waste (excluding scrap metal)
kg/car
Production
tons
1,700,000
120.00
-3.8%
1,600,000
100.00
1,500,000
80.00
1,400,000
60.00
Source: ACEA - 2013
1,300,000
40.00
1,200,000
%
+6.3
1,100,000
20.00
1,000,000
0.00
2005
2006
Waste total (t/year) excluding scrap metal
2007
2008
2009
Waste per unit produced (kg/car) excluding scrap metal
2010
2011
2012
Total industry volume production
The total amount of waste generated by the manufacturing of vehicles went down 3.8% over eight years. The 6.3% increase noted in the waste per unit produced occurs
mainly due to the increasing portion of one-way packaging which is a result of globalisation. Fluctuation both in absolute waste and waste per car, especially in 2008,
can be explained by the occurrence of singular events such as the formation of demolition waste.
49
Registrations
REGISTRATIONS
R e gi s t r at i o n s
Europe accounts for 23% of all motor vehicle registrations
New motor vehicle registrations – world (market shares) | 2012
Europe
EU
EFTA
2011 % change 12/11
19,648
-5.5%
13,749 16.8%
15,065
-8.7%
549
0.7%
539
1.9%
Russia
3,194
3.9%
2,902
10.0%
Turkey
818
1.0%
911
-10.2%
Ukraine
264
0.3%
231
14.2%
22,15127.0%
20,105
10.2%
17,52521.4%
15,596
12.4%
13,041
13.4%
America
NAFTA
of which USA
Mercosur
Asia
China 14,786
18.0%
4,6265.6%
of which Brazil
Source: ACEA, VDA - 2013
2012 % share
18,57322.6%
3,796
4.6%
4,509
2.6%
3,625
4.7%
33,64441.0%
30,594
19,304
18,505
23.5%
10.0%
4.3%
India
3,580
4.4%
3,292
8.8%
Japan
5,370
6.5%
4,210
27.5%
South Korea
1,542
1.9%
1,580
-2.4%
Asia-Others 1
3,8494.7%
3,008
28.0%
8,110
-5.0%
Others
Total World
7,7049.4%
82,072 100.0%
78,457
4.6%
Europe
22.6%
America27.0%
EU
EFTA
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
16.8%
0.7%
3.9%
1.0%
0.3%
Nafta21.4%
USA18.0%
Mercosur5.6%
Brazil4.6%
Others
9.4%
Registrations
Motor Vehicles in 1,000 units
Asia 41.0%
China
23.5%
Japan
6.5%
India
4.4%
South Korea 1.9%
1
Asia-Others
4.7%
1.Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam
53
r e gis t r at io n s
Over 16 million cars were registered in Europe in 2012
New passenger car registrations - world (market shares) | 2012
Passenger Cars in 1,000 units
Europe
EU
EFTA
-4.6%
12,054 17.5%
13,130
-8.2%
474
0.7%
462
2.5%
2,935
4.3%
2,654
10.6%
Turkey
556
0.8%
594
-6.3%
Ukraine
238
0.3%
207
14.5%
21,52931.2%
19,492
10.4%
17,09824.8%
15,221
12.3%
12,734
13.4%
NAFTA
of which USA
Mercosur
of which Brazil
Asia
China
Source: ACEA, VDA - 2013
2011 % change 12/11
17,048
Russia
America 1
54
2012 % share
16,25723.5%
14,440
20.9%
4,4316.4%
3,634
5.3%
4,271
3.7%
3,426
6.1%
24,20035.0%
21,428
13,239 19.2%
12,214
12.9%
8.4%
India
2,777
4.0%
2,514
10.4%
Japan
4,572
6.6%
3,525
29.7%
South Korea
1,307
1.9%
1,316
-0.7%
2
Asia-Others 2,3063.3%
1,859
24.1%
7,448
-5.0%
Others
Total World
7,07410.2%
69,060 100.0%
65,416
5.6%
Europe
23.5%
America 31.2%
EU
EFTA
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
17.5%
0.7%
4.3%
0.8%
0.3%
Nafta24.8%
USA20.9%
Mercosur6.4%
Brazil5.3%
Others
10.2%
Asia 35%
China
19.2%
Japan
6.6%
India
4.0%
South Korea 1.9%
2
Asia-Others
3.3%
1.Including light commercial vehicles
2.Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam
R e gi s t r at i o n s
Europe accounts for 18% of worldwide commercial vehicle registrations
New commercial vehicle registrations – world (market shares) | 2012
Europe
EU
EFTA
2,600
-10.9%
1,695 13.0%
1,935
-12.4%
75
0.6%
76
-1.8%
Russia
258
2.0%
248
4.1%
Turkey
261
2.0%
317
-17.6%
Ukraine
26
0.2%
23
10.9%
America 1
NAFTA
of which USA
Mercosur
of which Brazil
Asia
China Source: VDA, ACEA - 2013
2011 % change 12/11
2,31617.8%
6224.8%
613
1.4%
4273.3%
376
13.7%
346
2.7%
306
237
-18.0%
161
200
-19.1%
9,44472.6%
9,166
3.0%
6,065
6,291
-3.6%
46.6%
India
803
6.2%
777
3.3%
Japan
797
6.1%
685
16.3%
235
1.8%
263
-10.8%
South Korea
Asia-Others 2
Others
Total World
1,54311.9%
1,149
34.3%
6304.8%
662
-4.8%
13,012 100.0%
13,041
17.8%
America 4.8%
13.0%
0.6%
2.0%
2.0%
0.2%
Nafta3.3%
USA2.7%
Mercosur1.5%
Brazil1.2%
13.0%
1951.5%
1.2%
Europe
EU
EFTA
Turkey
Russia
Ukraine
Registrations
Commercial Vehicles in 1,000 units 2012 % share
-0.2%
Others
4.8%
Asia 72.6%
China
46.6%
India
6.2%
Japan
6.1%
South Korea 1.8%
2
Asia-Others
11.9%
1.Excluding light commercial vehicles
2.Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam
55
r e gis t r at io n s
The EU represents a market of almost 14 million vehicles
Motor vehicle registrations in the EU - by country (in units) | 2012
Source: ACEA - 2013 (National Automobile Associations)
56
TOTAL
TOTAL
AT
336,01031,508 6,589
722 374,829
LV
10,6652,2361,605
486,73754,607 8,474
12,1701,5982,759 145 16,672
92 14,598
BE
701 550,519
LT
BG
19,419
3,118n.a.n.a.22,537
LU
CY
10,9671,293
NL
502,52856,57612,002
CZ
174,00911,821 7,234
731 193,795 PL
273,58938,50716,436 1,271 329,803
DK
170,76324,109 3,770
506 199,148
EE
FI
FR
DE
GR
HU
IE
IT
88 n.a. 12,348
PT
50,398
3,26299515954,814
95,290
16,011
1,892
779 571,885
223
113,416
RO
66,4369,3892,8171,463 80,105
533 126,505
SK
69,2685,1033,511 307 78,189
1,898,760381,233 45,678 6,062 2,331,733
SI
3,082,504219,422 86,937 5,139 3,394,002
ES
58,482
3,70721111862,518
SE
53,05910,900 4,158
51
68,168
UK
79,49810,874 1,120
236
91,728
EU ¹
17,267
2,13972611620,248
111,25111,469 3,252
1,402,089116,112 13,741 2,131 1,534,073
92 56,249
279,89939,3035,6101,629 326,441
2,044,609239,641 42,280 7,233 2,333,763
12,053,9041,377,283 285,809
32,081 13,749,077
IS
NO
137,96731,8505,8611,231 176,909
CH
328,13930,922 3,853
EFTA
1.Data for Malta not available
48,6486,4121,097
699,58976,93312,827 1,642 790,991
EU+EFTA
7,90244487698,502
509 363,423
474,00863,2169,8011,809 548,834
12,527,9121,440,499 295,610
33,890 14,297,911
R e gi s t r at i o n s
Vehicle sales mirror economic growth
New passenger car registrations in the EU and GDP | 1990-2012
New PC registrations – EU
EU GDP
Eurostat forecast
+4
+3
+2
14,000,000
+1
+0
13,000,000
Registrations
15,000,000
GDP growth (%)
New PC registrations (units)
Source: AAA, ACEA, DG ECFIN
16,000,000
-1
12,000,000
-2
-3
11,000,000
-4
10,000,000
-5
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
New commercial vehicle registrations in the EU and GDP | 1997-2012
New CV registrations – EU
EU GDP
Eurostat forecast
+4
+3
2,500,000
+2
2,300,000
+1
+0
2,100,000
-1
1,900,000
GDP growth (%)
New CV registrations (units)
Source: AAA, ACEA, DG ECFIN
2,700,000
-2
-3
1,700,000
-4
1,500,000
-5
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
57
r e gis t r at io n s
Trend in new EU car registrations
New passenger car registrations in the EU (in units – % change) | 1990-2012
Units
16,000,000
+3.8%
15,000,000
+5.0%
14,000,000
13,000,000
+7.2%
-0.6%
Source: ACEA - 2013
58
+5.0%
+0.6%
-2.7%
+1.0%
-0.6%
-8.0%
-1.2%
-5.5%
+0.8%
+4.9%
+6.3%
12,000,000
11,000,000
-2.1%
+1.6%
+6.0%
-1.7%
-8.3%
+0.7%
-16.9%
10,000,000
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
R e gi s t r at i o n s
Trend in new EU commercial vehicle registrations
New light commercial vehicle registrations in the EU (in units – % change) | 1997-2012
Units
2,000,000,
+13.1%
1,500,000
+9.0%
+5.6%
-2.8%
-2.5%
-2.7%
+9.5%
+3.0%
+0.4%
+5.7%
-9.7%
-29.5%
+8.7%
+7.5%
Registrations
Source: ACEA, based on AAA data - 2013
2,500,000
-7.4%
1,000,000
500,000
0
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
New medium & heavy commercial vehicle registrations in the EU (in units – % change) | 1997-2012
Units
Source: ACEA, based on AAA data - 2013
500,000
400,000
+12.7%
+2.5%
+16.5%
300,000
-3.7%
-10.0%
-1.2%
+9.5%
+6.1%
+6.4%
+6.5%
-2.6%
+19.7%
-44.4%
-6.0%
+7.1%
200,000
100,000
0
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
59
r e gis t r at io n s
A closer look at consumer demand
New passenger cars sold in Europe* – by segment (in units) | 1994-2012
Units
6,000,000
Small (A+B)
Lower Medium (C)
Upper Medium (D)
Luxury (E+F)
MPV
SUV
Others
5,000,000
Source: IHS Global Insight
4,000,000
3,000,000
2,000,000
1,000,000
0
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
New cars sold in Europe* – by segment (% share) | 2012
Lower medium (C) 23.0%
Upper medium (D) 12.0%
Source: IHS Global Insight
Luxury (E+F)
60
4.0%
MPV 12.0%
SUV 12.0%
Others
2.0%
Small (A+B) 35.0%
* Europe = EU27 (without Luxembourg) + Norway, Switzerland
More information on trends in new car characteristics at www.acea.be
R e gi s t r at i o n s
2.4 new cars were registered per 100 inhabitants in the EU in 2012
New passenger car registrations per 100 inhabitants (in units) | 2012
Units
12.0
9.8
Registrations
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.9
4.4
4.0
4.0
3.8
3.7
3.5
3.3
3.1
3.1
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.4
2.4
2.0
2.3
2.1
1.7
1.7
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.3
0.9
0.7
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.3
HU GR
LV
LT
RO BG
0.0
Source: ACEA, Eurostat - 2013
LU CH BE
AT
DE NO
IS
UK FR DK NL
SE
SI
EU 15
IT
FI
IE
CZ ES CY EE
SK
PT
PL
0.3
EU 11
EU 27
EU = EU27, data for Malta n.a.
EU15 = AT, BE, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GR, IE, IT, LU, NL, PT, SE, UK
EU11 = BG, CY, CZ, EE, HU, LV, LT, PL, RO, SK, SI
61
r e gis t r at io n s
The drive towards fuel efficiency
Source: Based on AAA data - 1995-2009:
EU15, 2010-2012: 23 EU countries (data for BG, RO, CY, MT n.a.)
Demand for passenger cars ≤ 120g CO2 /km | 1995-2012
Units
4,594,922
4,500,000
4,000,000
3,500,000
3,000,000
2,500,000
2,000,000
1,500,000
1,000,000
500,000
0
4,283,478
3,865,560
3,247,803
2,057,924
+6.8%
1,494,098
583,614
2
0
1995 1996
20,339
88,174
159,384
306,514
813
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
839,488
958,591
904,845
1,008,992
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Source: Based on AAA data - 1995-2009:
EU15, 2010-2012: 23 EU countries (data for BG, RO, CY, MT n.a.)
New passenger cars in the EU – by CO2 emissions | 1995-2012
62
80%
65%
CO2 emissions (g/km)
42%
3%
1995
0%
7%
1998
2001
27% 26%
23% 25%
27% 25%
16%
11%
8%
3%
0%
31%
29%
23%
21%
20%
17%
37%
36% 34%
35%
28%
30% 29%
19% 21%
33% 33%
15%
19%
32%
12%
18%
39%
161+
160-141
140-121
120 and less
2004
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
R e gi s t r at i o n s
CO2 emissions of new cars: continuing the downward trend
Average CO2 emissions of new cars in the EU in 2012 (in gCO2 /km)
% change
2012/2007
DK
117-25.7%
PT
119-16.6%
NL
FR
123-25.1%
IE
125-24.2%
GR
BE
127-22.9%
IT
ES
128-13.1%
FI: 139 ; -21.7%
SE: 139 ; -23.3%
124-16.8%
EE: 150
132-16.0%
FI
SE
139-21.7%
LT: 145
NL: 123 ; -25.1%
PL: 141 ; -8.4%
DE: 141 ; -17.0%
BE: 128 ; -16.4%
LU: 138 ; -16.3%
138-15.0%
FR: 124 ; -16.8%
139-23.3%
CZ: 141
SK: 141
AT: 138 ; -15.0%
SI: 134
HU140
SK141
141-8.6%
PL
CZ141
LV: 153
UK: 133 ; -18.8%
133-18.8%
UK
SI134
138-16.3%
DK: 117 ; -25.7%
IE: 125 ; -24.2%
128-16.4%
LU
AT
Registrations
Average CO2
of new cars
in 2012
PT: 119 ; -16.6%
ES: 132 ; -16.%
HU: 140
IT: 128 ; -13.1%
141-17.0%
DE
LT145
EE150
LV153
GR: 127 ; -22.9%
Source: Acea - 2013
63
r e gis t r at io n s
Most new cars have a diesel engine
Source: based on AAA (data for the EU15 + EFTA)
Diesel penetration in the EU15 + EFTA (% of new cars registered) | 1990-2012
% share
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Diesel penetration in the EU15 + EFTA – by country (% of new cars registered) | 2012
% share
80
Source: based on AAA (data for EU15 + EFTA)
70
64
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
LU
IE
FR
PT
ES
BE
SE
NO
AT
IT
UK
IS
DE
GR
DK
FI
CH
NL
EU15
+
EFTA
More information on trends in new car characteristics at www.acea.be
Vehicles in Use
Vehicles
in Use
Vehicles in use
Cars in the EU are on average 8.3 years old
Average passenger car age – by country | 2010
Years
14
12
12.0
11.9
11.5
10.7
10
10.1
9.8
8.3
8
8.3
8.2
8.0
7.5
7.3
6.3
4
2
0
ESTONIA
FINLAND
SLOVAKIA
GREECE
PORTUGAL
SWEDEN
GERMANY
FRANCE
BELGIUM
AUSTRIA
UK
Vehicles in Use
Source: ANFAC, ACEA - 2012
6
ireland
EU*
Passenger car fleet* – by age (% share) | 2010
Source: ANFAC, ACEA - 2012
35.6% Cars > 10 years old
32.1% Cars 5-10 years old
32.2% Cars ≤ 5 years old
* for available countries: Austria, Belgium, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Slovakia, Sweden, United Kingdom.
67
v e h ic l e s i n u s e
The share of diesel in the EU car fleet is gradually increasing
EU car fleet – by fuel type (% share) | 2012
Gasoline 60.6%
Source: ANFAC, ACEA - 2013
Diesel 35.9%
Other 3.4%
* for available countries: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Sweden, United Kingdom.
EU car fleet – by fuel type (% share) | 2010
Gasoline 61.5%
Source: ANFAC, ACEA - 2012
Diesel 35.3%
68
Other 3.2%
* for available countries: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom
Vehicles in use
The EU’s vehicle fleet continues to grow
EU passenger car fleet (in units) | 1990 – 2011
Units - in millions
300
250
200
100
50
0
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2011
2005
2010
2011
Vehicles in Use
Source: EUROSTAT - 2013
150
EU commercial vehicle fleet (in units) | 1990 – 2011
Units - in millions
40
35
30
25
Source: EUROSTAT - 2013
20
15
10
5
0
1990
1995
2000
69
v e h ic l e s i n u s e
Vehicle spread in the EU
Passenger car fleet – by country (% share - in units) | 2011
Units - in millions
45
17.7%
40
15.3%
35
13.2%
30
12.1%
25
9.2%
20
7.5%
15
Source: EUROSTAT - 2013
10
70
3.2%
2.2%
5
2.1%
1.9%
1.9%
1.9%
1.8%
1.8%
1.2%
1.2%
1.1%
0.9%
0.8%
0.7%
0.7%
0.4%
0.3%
0.2%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
DK
IE
SK
LT
SI
LV
EE
CY
LU
MT
0
DE
IT
FR
UK
ES
PL
NL
BE
GR
PT
CZ
AT
SE
RO
FI
HU
BG
Vehicles in use
The EU has the largest car fleet in the world
Passenger car fleet (in units) | 2011
Units – in millions
300
242.2
200
150
130.72
100
57.7
50
55.9
35.0
27.5
RUSSIA
BRAZIL
0
EU*
USA
JAPAN
CHINA
14.2
13.5
S. KOREA
INDIA
1995
2011
S. KOREA
INDIA
Vehicles in Use
Source: Eurostat, IHS Global Insight
250
Passenger car fleet growth (in units) | 1995-2011
Units – in millions
300
Source: Eurostat, IHS Global Insight
250
200
150
100
50
0
EU*
USA
JAPAN
CHINA
RUSSIA
BRAZIL
* 27 countries included over the whole period
71
v e h ic l e s i n u s e
The EU has 483 cars per 1,000 inhabitants
Passenger car density per 1,000 inhabitants – world | 1995-2011
Units
500
Source: Eurostat, IHS Global Insight
400
448
483
447 452
380
461 454
373
417
293
300
251
236
200
179
143
108
100
106 100
1995
137
2
0
EU
JAPAN
USA
S. KOREA
RUSSIA
BRAZIL
2005
41
11
3
CHINA
11
6
2011
INDIA
Passenger car density per 1,000 inhabitants – EU | 2011
Units
700
658
610
600
589
570
551
545
535
525
500
519
502
490
483
482
470
470
466
464
461
447
436
428
400
417
394
368
324
Source: Eurostat - 2012
300
72
300
298
203
200
100
0
LU
IT
MT
LT
FI
CY
AT
DE
SI
FR
BE
EU
ES
PL
NL
UK
SE
GR
PT
CZ
EE
IE
DK
BG
SK
LV
HU
RO
Trade
Trade
trade
The EU automotive industry is a formidable exporter
EU exports of passenger cars - by value (% share)
North America (NAFTA) 26.8%
EFTA & Eastern Europe 25.1%
Asia & Oceania 34.0%
Middle East 4.8%
South America & Caribbean 2.4%
Source: based on Eurostat data - 2012
Trade
Africa 6.8%
75
TRADE
The EU exported 6.6 million vehicles in 2012
EU motor vehicle trade – by type (in €m)
2011
2012
% chg 12/11
Source: Eurostat
trade trade
trade
trade in value (¤m)
importsexportsbalance
importsexportsbalance
imports exportsbalance
Passenger cars
Commercial vehicles (up to 5t)
Commercial vehicles (over 5t) + buses & coaches
total
24,23793,60669,369
23,670107,88784,217
-2.3% 15.3% 21.4%
3,913
3,780
-133
3,388
4,663
1,275
-13.4%
23.4%
++
843
6,369
5,526
819
7,216
6,397
-2.8%
13.3%
15.8%
28,993103,755 74,762
27,877119,766 91,889
-3.8% 15.4% 22.9%
EU motor vehicle trade – by type (in units)
2011
Source: Eurostat
trade in volume (units)
76
Passenger cars
Commercial vehicles (up to 5t)
Commercial vehicles (over 5t) + buses & coaches
total
importsexports
2,176,5175,153,725
2012
importsexports
1,932,4205,914,655
% chg 12/11
imports
exports
-11.2% 14.8%
326,756
362,268
269,972
428,402
-17.4%
18.3
24,573
856,242
92,838
245,186
277.8%
-71.4%
2,527,8466,372,235
2,295,2306,588,243
-9.2% 3.4%
trade
A closer look at imports of all vehicle categories
Origin of EU motor vehicle imports
2006
World
(in units)
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
% chg 12/11 % share in 2012
3,402,2113,620,5963,246,8202,522,0802,488,9662,527,8462,295,230 -9.2% 100.0%
Turkey
561,914620,836666,586497,799568,896571,142518,427-9.2%22.6%
South Korea
724,689655,218452,348353,423295,970384,462403,690 5.0%17.6%
Japan
970,386971,861879,620691,638618,914440,320347,759
-21.0%15.2%
Source: Eurostat
United States 322,664450,533365,682155,695186,425243,049241,129-0.8%10.5%
China
329,426348,407267,254208,718164,712161,101184,92714.8% 8.1%
Mexico
101,378152,045183,686116,308139,186184,196163,550
-11.2% 7.1%
India
51,39163,035101,705267,065233,441260,922163,503
-37.3% 7.1%
South Africa
29,49925,05635,31638,78374,27886,26367,714
-21.5%3.0%
Switzerland
34,16647,06043,75129,79526,74026,69125,966
-2.7%1.1%
Thailand
75,01182,86562,64535,82244,38339,95025,198
-36.9%1.1%
Trade
Origin of EU motor vehicle imports (in units) | 2012
Units
Source: based on Eurostat data
600,000
400,000
200,000
0
TURKEY
S. KOREA
JAPAN
USA
CHINA
MEXICO
INDIA
S. AFRICA
Switzerland
Thailand
77
TRADE
Most EU motor vehicle exports go to the US
Main destinations of EU motor vehicle exports (in units)
2006
World
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
% chg 12/11 % share in 2012
5,031,5785,319,5925,359,0613,740,2214,772,1476,372,2356,588,243 3.4% 100.0%
United States 999,431981,493880,691550,856714,944751,824883,59017.5%13.4%
Source: Eurostat
Russia
385,147604,659731,138191,937324,866516,792764,17247.9%11.6%
China
61,76499,103137,823174,242349,737487,108534,662 9.8% 8.1%
Turkey
375,636258,308256,255188,650383,890434,377388,250
-10.6% 5.9%
Switzerland
237,706267,905259,276225,443281,867321,999329,629 2.4% 5.0%
Japan
169,088191,156145,094114,729148,211177,975207,12216.4% 3.1%
Australia
116,744136,236136,615 96,376141,256156,798190,33521.4% 2.9%
Ukraine
140,745126,932165,388 39,449113,015134,468169,81826.3% 2.6%
Norway
148,012176,565143,819122,510167,647178,217167,214-6.2% 2.5%
South Africa
140,977124,420 77,117 67,313 102,607 142,086130,562 -8.1% 2.0%
Destination of EU motor vehicle exports (in units) | 2012
Units
1,000,000
Source: based on Eurostat data
800,000
78
600,000
400,000
200,000
0
USA
RUSSIA
CHINA
TURKEY
Switzerland
JAPAN
Australia
Ukraine
Norway
S. AFRICA
trade
The US, Japan and South Korea account for the highest import value for cars
Origin of most EU passenger car imports - by value (in €m)
World
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
% chg 12/11 % share in 2012
31,60133,39729,72122,04622,48324,23723,670
-2.3%
100.0%
17.7%
23.2%
United States 5,4706,3445,9772,9523,4834,6655,492
12,012
11,79610,6348,2407,6726,5045,464
-16.0%
23.1%
South Korea
7,2726,6903,9452,6102,4493,3953,900
14.9%
16.5%
Turkey
3,3934,2063,6743,1943,3973,3283,119
-6.3%
13.2%
Mexico
1,3341,9922,4051,4991,7712,4652,341
-5.0%9.9%
India
270 332 5841,5361,3411,7701,069
-39.6%4.5%
South Africa
36670300469847904549
-39.3%
2.3%
China
298482541398455394331
-16.0%
1.4%
Canada
Switzerland
8986703870136
179
32.1%
0.8%
142193152120114106123
16.0%
0.5%
Passenger cars - origin of EU imports - by value (% share) | 2012
Africa4.9%
Trade
Source: Eurostat
Japan
Source: based on Eurostat data
India4.5%
13.2% Turkey
China1.4%
16.5% South Korea
23.1% Japan
ASEAN0.2%
33.8 % NAFTA
Russia0.1%
0.1% Middle East
0.0% Australia
Others1.6%
Efta0.6%
Mercosur0.0%
79
TRADE
Most EU car imports come from South Korea
Origin of most EU passenger car imports (in units)
2006
World
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
% chg 11/12 % share in 2012
3,014,0863,214,8332,783,5322,212,0252,139,8202,176,5171,932,420-11.2% 100.0%
South Korea
717,090651,130446,544351,142294,013382,871402,062 5.0%20.8%
Japan
940,670949,317852,805676,461604,151429,803345,895
-19.5%17.9%
Turkey
344,923385,188361,161314,514330,548334,349318,265-4.8%16.5%
United States 314,856440,892351,235150,142179,892236,381233,835-1.1%12.1%
Source: Eurostat
Mexico
101,331152,006183,647116,298139,171184,180163,526
-11.2% 8.5%
India
49,43361,389 99,121265,659231,987259,776162,928
-37.3% 8.4%
China
308,720336,075252,801154,266155,262149,025111,881
-24.9% 5.8%
South Africa
17,9383,87720,51531,31565,39672,07443,973
-39.0%2.3%
Switzerland
29,34641,24836,28126,23223,89223,42022,254
-5.0%1.2%
Taiwan
54,90457,49259,79532,07629,67029,25219,327
-33.9%1.0%
Origin of EU passenger car imports (in units) | 2012
Source: based on Eurostat data
Units
80
450,000
400,000
350,000
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
S. KOREA
JAPAN
TURKEY
USA
MEXICO
INDIA
CHINA
S. AFRICA
SWITZERLAND
TAIWAN
trade
The US is the EU’s most valuable export market
Main destinations of EU passenger car exports – by value (in €m)
World
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
% chg 12/11 % share in 2012
67,77670,65869,41648,08876,14993,606
107,887
15.3%
100.0%
28.0%23.1%
United States 27,06424,74820,52012,76819,12719,48224,934
Source: Eurostat
China
2,2503,344 4,608 5,47512,18217,33519,290
11.3%17.9%
Russia
4,2906,6278,7582,5634,0637,0168,727
24.4%8.1%
Switzerland
4,0024,3184,3603,9355,2196,6466,813
2.5%6.3%
Japan
4,2214,1153,2492,7133,8435,0896,306
23.9%5.8%
Turkey
2,9082,8342,8062,0674,2555,2294,826
-7.7%4.5%
Australia
1,8312,0972,1861,6132,7583,1773,496
10.1%3.2%
Norway
2,2662,6942,1801,8542,6993,0163,166
5.0%2.9%
Canada
2,0822,0742,0571,7892,4142,4802,995
20.7%2.8%
South Korea
1,018 974 911 8051,6821,9552,496
27.7%2.3%
Passenger cars - destination of EU exports – by value (% share) | 2012
Source: based on Eurostat data
9.4% EFTA
17.9% China
26.8% NAFTA
6.8% Others
1.3% Mercosur
0.2% India
Africa6.8%
Trade
8.1% Russia
Japan5.8%
Middle East4.8%
Turkey4.5%
Australia3.2%
South Korea2.3%
ASEAN2.0%
81
TRADE
Almost 15% of EU car exports set sail to the US
Main destinations of EU passenger car exports (in units)
2006
World
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
% chg 12/11 % share in 2012
4,301,1844,743,0454,797,9163,375,2244,234,4705,153,7255,914,655 14.8% 100.0%
United States 993,405972,316874,508547,326708,575731,138873,62819.5%14.8%
Russia
60,38395,925136,239172,218345,581478,877526,76910.0% 8.9%
Turkey
247,886225,505223,331170,456339,556388,000349,979-9.8% 5.9%
Switzerland
212,941243,348233,163203,939255,874291,899300,976 3.1% 5.1%
Japan
168,731190,864145,006114,649148,082175,242206,52117.8% 3.5%
Australia
Source: Eurostat
342,762528,674670,381176,595291,164470,878706,91850.1%12.0%
China
Norway
99,876107,469109,738 84,157123,250141,394150,460 6.4% 2.5%
125,799151,956122,103110,027147,473153,694144,232-6.2% 2.4%
102,82865,61162,83493,145123,355
115,808
-6.1%2.0%
South Africa 122,877
Canada
83,70785,29198,18882,57699,16994,849
109,767
15.7%1.9%
Destination of EU passenger car exports (in units) | 2012
Units
1.000,000
Source: based on Eurostat data
800,000
82
600,000
400,000
200,000
0
USA
Russia
CHINA
TURKEY
Switzerland
JAPAN
Australia
Norway
S. AFRICA
canada
Taxation
Taxation
Ta x at io n
CO2 taxation is gaining ground in the EU
CO2 taxation is now well established across the European
Union. 19 EU member states currently apply some form of
CO2 tax to the registration and/or ownership of passenger
cars, up from 17 in 2010. Finland and Greece both changed
their annual circulation tax to a CO2 basis recently.
The 19 EU countries that levy passenger car taxes partially
or totally based on the cars’ CO2 emissions and/or fuel
consumption are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta,
the Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden
and the United Kingdom.
The European automobile industry welcomes this trend
towards CO2-related car taxation. However, it regrets the
lack of uniformity in the implementation of these taxes.
For more information, visit www.acea.be
Taxation
European auto makers therefore support taxation for
passenger cars that is:
–exclusively based on CO2 emissions;
–technologically neutral;
–linear; and
–budget neutral.
Source: ACEA Tax Guide 2013
85
Ta x at io n
Tax incentives help shape demand for electric vehicles
Incentives for electrically-chargeable vehicles are now
applied in all western European countries. The incentives
mainly consist of tax reductions and exemptions, as in
countries such as Belgium and the Netherlands, and
bonus payments and premiums for the buyers of electric
vehicles in Spain, Luxembourg and Portugal.
The European car industry supports the further introduction
of fiscal incentives for fuel efficiency. Tax measures are an
important tool in shaping consumer demand towards fuelefficient cars and help create a market for breakthrough
technologies, notably during the introduction phase.
Innovations generally first enter the market in low volumes
and at a significant cost premium, and this needs to be
offset by a positive policy framework. Electric mobility
will make an important contribution towards ensuring
sustainable mobility. However, advanced conventional
technologies, engines and fuels will play a predominant
role for years to come. Governments must continue to
include these CO2-efficient technologies and solutions in
their overall sustainable mobility policy approach.
For more information, visit www.acea.be
86
Source: ACEA Tax Guide 2013
Ta x at io n
Motor vehicles are a vital source of government revenue
Fiscal income from motor vehicles in the EU*
ATBEDKDEES FIFRGRIEITNL PTSEUK
€ bn
€ bnDKK bn
€ bn
€ bn
€ bn
€ bn
€ bn
€ bn
€ bn
€ bn
€ bnSEK bn
£ bn
20112012201120112011201120112012201220102011201220122011
Purchase or transfer
1.VAT on vehicle sales
servicing/repair, parts, tyres
2.484
2.
Fuels & lubricants
5.517 7.53416.97040.03618.325 3.74235.332 4.143 2.72031.315 7.708 2.31049.50026.920
3.Sales & registration taxes
0.4850.40813.8000.4781.0082.0760.1000.3871.1421.9990.420
Annual ownership taxes
1.6351.5129.8728.4222.8070.7061.0981.1161.0756.6103.5860.36212.2005.820
6.060
n.a.
27.1754.0311.31014.5540.1700.38718.1001.4001.07621.00012.500
Driving license fees
0.007
0.010
0.065–
0.295
Insurance taxes
0.3100.9341.7573.6560.6760.2994.2764.0510.3653.000
Tolls
1.512
0.370
10.106
1.422
0.800
Customs duties
0.550
–
0.025
TOTAL
EURO
0.2740.7590.9200.3491.5720.0555.1863.3960.2664.2001.500
12.21717.21442.76980.76926.731 7.06569.014 5.584 4.56967.82618.749 4.45990.700 46.740
12.217.2 5.780.826.7 7.169.0 5.6 4.667.818.7 4.510.4 54.3
GRAND TOTAL = €384.6bn
* No data available for other EU member states.
Taxation
Source: ACEA - 2013
Other taxes
87
Ta x at io n
Source: ACEA - 2013
Share of VAT in net price of cars
Hungary
Denmark
Sweden
Romania
Finland
Greece
Ireland
Poland
Portugal
27%
25%
24%
23%
Belgium
Austria
Czech Republic
Bulgaria
Italy
Estonia
Latvia
Slovakia
Lithuania
Slovenia
Netherlands
UK
Spain
France
Germany
19%
Malta
18%
Cyprus
17%
Luxembourg
15%
21%
20%
19.6%
Source: European Commission - 2013
Excise duties on fuels in (€/1,000 litres)
88
ATBEBGCYCZDEDKEEES FIFRGRHUIEITLTLULVMTNL PL PTROSESISKUK
EU minimum rates
Unleaded Petrol 482628363429512655593423456650607670432587728434462415469747406585360668576551674
360 Diesel
330 397428330400437470444393331470428330398479617330335336382440355368330621449368674
eu27
AT Austria
MT Malta
BE Belgium
NL Netherlands
BG Bulgaria
PL Poland
CY Cyprus
PT Portugal
CZ Czech Republic
RO Romania
DE Germany
SE Sweden
DK Denmark
SI Slovenia
EE Estonia
SK Slovakia
ES Spain
UK United Kingdom
FI Finland
FR France
OTHERS
GR Greece
CH Switzerland
HU Hungary
IS Iceland
IE Ireland
NO Norway
IT Italy
RS Serbia
LT Lithuania
RU Russia
LU Luxembourg
TR Turkey
LV Latvia
UA Ukraine
Europe EU27 + EFTA
EFTA Iceland + Norway + Switzerland
NAFTA USA + Canada + Mexico
BRIC Brazil + Russia + India + China
Mercosur Argentina + Brazil + Paraguay + Uruguay
ASEAN Brunei + Cambodia + Indonesia + Laos
+ Malaysia + Myanmar + Philippines
+ Singapore + Thailand + Vietnam
AAA Auxiliary Automobile Association
VDA German Association of the Automotive
Industry
OICA International Organization
of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers
Cars
PC Passenger cars
SUV Sport utility vehicles
MPV Multi-purpose vehicles
Vans
LCV Light commercial vehicles + minibus / coaches 3.5t
Trucks
MCV Medium commercial vehicles > 3.5t but 16t
HCV Heavy commercial vehicles > 16t
CV MCV + HCV
Buses + Coaches
B&C Buses > 3.5t
Motor Vehicles
MV Cars + vans + trucks + buses & coaches
PM particulate matter
CO carbon monoxide
NOx nitrogen oxides
CO2 carbon dioxide
mmillion
ggramme
tkmtonne-kilometre
GCW gross combined weight
bnbillion
ttonne
pkm passenger-kilometre
GDP gross domestic product
european
automobile
m a n u fa c t u r e r s
a s s o c i at i o n
Avenue des Nerviens 85
B–1040 Brussels
T
+32 2 732 55 50
info@acea.be
w w w. a c e a . b e
european
automobile
m a n u fa c t u r e r s
as s o c i at i o n w w w. a c e a . b e