Name __________
Date _____Per ___
Chapter 2
The Chemistry of Life
Biology
Mr. Rizzo
2-1 The Nature of Matter
Atoms
Electron
ATOMS
The small units of matter
2 major Parts
o Nucleus (Protons+Neutrons)
o Electrons
Atoms are smaller than cells
Structure of an atom
Electron
Cloud
Nucleus
Nucleus
+Found in the center of an atom.
+Contains :
protons (+ charge)
neutrons (neutral charge)
+The nucleus has an overall positive charge(+).
Electron Cloud (shells)
--Found outside of the nucleus.
--Made solely of electrons
--Has a negative charge(-).
2-3 Carbon Compounds
er
Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume).
All matter is made up of atoms.
Elements
Pure substances made up of only one type of atom
106 known kinds (roughly)
Examples of elements;
Gold
Hydrogen
Carbon
COMPOUNDS
A COMBINATION OF DIFFERENT ELEMENTS
THEY ARE MADE UP OF 2 OR MORE DIFFERENT KINDS OF ATOMS
EXAMPLES: CO2, H2O, & C6 H12O6
Atomic Number
The number of protons found in an Atom AKA the proton number
Helps you locate an element on the periodic table.
Important Elements in Biology
Atomic weight
The weight of the nucleus.
The mass of the neutrons and protons of an atom.
AMU (Atomic mass units)
Inorganic Compounds
> Any compound that does not contain the elements carbon and hydrogen is
inorganic.
> Examples:
> carbon dioxide
> calcium carbonate
> water
> salts
> Phosphates
> bases and certain acids
2. Helium
A Chlorine Atom
Sodium Atom
Ions and Isotope
A Chlorine ion
A Sodium ION
pH: pH is the ratio of H+ (hydrogen) and OH- (Hydroxide) ions. When both
are in equal concentration in pure water, it has a pH of 7.0
Acidic Solution: an excess of H+ ions, the water has a pH less then 7.
Basic Solution: an excess of OH- ions, the water has a pH above 7.
Optimal 8.2 depending, but always over 8
Remember: The pH scale: (What can we use to test for pH???????)
0
