Oceans
Study Guide – Chapter 19, 20 & 21 – Unit 6
1. Vocabulary
Ch. 19
o global ocean
o sea
o oceanography
o sonar
o submersible
o bathysphere
o bathyscaph
o continental margin
o continental shelf
o continental slope
o submarine canyons
o continental rise
o deep-ocean basin
o trench
o abyssal plains
o mid-ocean ridges
o seamounts
o hot spots
o guyots
Ch. 20
o salinity
o carbon sink
o pack ice
o thermocline
o density
o phytoplankton
o upwelling
o plankton
o nekton
o benthos
o benthic
o pelagic
o desalination
o distillation
o nodules
o aquaculture
Ch. 21
o trade winds
o westerlies
o polar easterlies
o Gulf Stream
o Coriolis effect
o gyres
o turbidity currents
o crest
o
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trough
height – amplitude
wavelength
fetch
swell
whitecaps
breakers
refraction
undertow
rip current
longshore current
sandbars
tsunami
tidal range
spring tide
neap tide
tidal oscillations
tidal current
flood tide
ebb tide
slack water
tidal bore
Ocean Basins – Ch. 19
2. What percent of Earth’s water does the global ocean contain?
3. What is the difference between a bathysphere and a bathyscaph?
4. Put the oceans in order from largest to smallest.
5. What does sonar stand for? What is it used for? How does it work? What do scientists measure
when using sonar?
6. Study Figure 2 on p. 476-7. Know the parts of the ocean floor.
7. What is the continental shelf a part of?
8. What may cut through the continental shelf and slope?
9. What is the flattest part of the ocean known as?
10. Where would you find the youngest part of the ocean floor? the oldest?
Ocean Water – Ch. 20
11. What two main gases are dissolved in ocean water?
12. Are dissolved gases found in warmer or colder water and why?
13. Why is the ocean known as a carbon sink? How much more carbon does the ocean contain compared
to the atomosphere?
14. What are sea salts? What percent of the ocean is made of salts?
15. How does temperature affect the density of ocean water?
16. Know what conditions affect the salinity of ocean water.
17. Know what conditions affect the density of ocean water.
18. What is the thermocline? Study Figure 5 on p. 498.
19. Why is the ocean blue?
20. How do marine organisms help balance the chemistry of the ocean?
21. What is upwelling and how does it benefit the organisms in the ocean?
22. What are plankton and why are they the foundation of life in the ocean?
23. What is the difference between pelagic and benthic environments? What types of organisms live in
each?
24. What are three methods for desalinating ocean water?
25. What is aquaculture and what is a major problem with its advancement?
Movements of the Ocean – Ch. 21
26. What 3 factors affect surface currents?
27. Know the winds of the global wind belts. Study Figure 2 on p. 520.
28. What causes gyres to form?
29. Which way does water in the Northern Hemisphere circulate? Southern Hemisphere?
30. Where is the Gulf Stream found? Is it a warm or cold water current?
31. What causes deep ocean currents?
32. What are the salinity and density of the Meditteranean Sea like? and why?
33. How do molecules in a wave move?
34. What are the 3 factors that determine wave size?
35. What signals that there are rip currents in the ocean?
36. What cause tsunamis?
37. What cause tides?
38. What is the difference between a spring and neap tide? Study Figure 2 on p. 532. Know the
relationship between the position of the Moon, Sun and Earth.
39. Where do tidal bores occur?