Rocks & Minerals Pre-Assessment Answer Key 1. Match the mineral property with its definition: Streak How well light can pass through a mineral. Hardness The way that light reflects off a mineral’s surface. Transparency A mineral’s colour. Lustre How difficult it is to scratch a mineral. Colour The colour of a mineral’s powder. 2. Describe the tests done to reveal the following properties: A) Hardness: __Scratch B) Steak: __Rub a mineral with another mineral a mineral on a rough surface. C) Lustre: __Shine a light on it. 3. What is the difference between magma and lava? Magma is liquid rock under the ground and lava is liquid rock above the ground 4. Explain how each of the following are formed: A)Metamorphic Rock: Formed when rock is transformed into another kind of rock by extreme temperatures and pressures below the earth’s surface. B) Intrusive Igneous Rock: Formed when magma cools and hardens below the earth’s surface. C) Sedimentary Rock: Formed when pressure from layers of sediment presses the layers below together and dissolved minerals in water cement layers together. D) Extrusive Igneous Rock: Formed when lava cools and hardens on the earth’s surface. 5. How do fossils form? Small organisms that died are trapped under layers of sediment. The heat and pressure from all the layers of sediment form the fossil. 6. Why are fossils important? They tell us about life from long ago 7. Complete the following table: How We Use Rock Example of type of rock used Jewelry Diamonds; gold; emeralds; etc. Construction Granite; concrete; iron; etc. Energy Natural gas; coal; etc. Art Marble; paint pigment; etc. Transportation Iron; Steel; etc. 8. Fill in each oval with the process that takes place to change one type of rock into another in the rock cycle: Sedimentary Rock Heat & Pressure Erosion Erosion Melt into magma Erosion Erosion Metamorphic Heat & Pressure Erosion Rock Igneous Rock Melt into magma