Earth’s Surface Chapter 3 Section 3 6th Grade Name: __________________________ Date: __________________________ Learning Targets: 1. I can identify the kinds of materials that make up sedimentary rocks. 2. I can describe three groups of sedimentary rocks 3. I can explain how sedimentary rocks record past conditions. Sedimentary Rocks Form From Rock Particles Sedimentary rocks form from materials that get ________________together or __________________ into rock Sediments are materials that __________________ out of water or air. Sediments can be made up of loose pieces of _________, __________________, __________________ and _____________________ remains. Most transported sediment settles out of a fluid Ends up being deposited in rivers, lakes and most of all in the oceans. Sedimentary Rock Formation There are two main processes that can change sediments into rocks. 1. _______________________ – one layer gets buried by another, and then another. The overlying layers press down on the sediments underneath 2. _______________________– The sediments are held together by minerals that have _______________________ between them, acting as a cement. Common Sedimentary Rocks: Sandstone, Limestone, Conglomerate, Shale, Chert, Rock Salt Coal Coal is made up of the remains of __________________ – dead wood, bark, leaves, stems, and roots Coal is an ____________________sedimentary rock because it forms from plants instead of earlier rocks. The coal we use today started forming ___________________ of years ago in __________________ Sedimentary Rocks and Past Conditions Sedimentary rocks are laid down in ________________ with the oldest layer on the _____________________ Sedimentary rocks can tell scientists what the conditions may have been like in the past ___________________of fish or shells can show that the area was once covered by ____________________ Sedimentary rocks can also show that an area was flooded. _______________cracks show that rocks formed in areas where _______ periods were followed by dry periods. Chapter 3 Section 4 Metamorphic Rocks Heat and Pressure Change Rocks The process in which an existing rock is changed by __________ or ____________________ or both is called metamorphism. The original_____________________ or _________________________ rock is called the parent rock. The resulting (new) rock is called a ___________________________ rock. It is also possible for the parent rock to be a____________________________ rock. Rocks do not __________________when they under go metamorphism. The process by which bonds between atoms in minerals break and re-form in new ways during metamorphism is called _____________________________. During this time, atoms can combine in ______________________ ways, and new ______________________ can form in place of older ones. For example, during recrystallization ______________ that forms from silt and clay can form________________ Metamorphic Changes Over Large Areas When both high ________________________________ and high ______________________are present metamorphic changes can occur over ___________________areas. When only one of these conditions is present, changes tend to occur over smaller areas. An example of changes over a large area is a region where___________________ blocks of rock are pressing together and pushing up ____________________________ ranges. This process can affect an area______________________ of kilometers wide and _________of kilometers deep. Typically, the_________________ below the surface the rocks are the _________________the metamorphic changes that occur in them. For example, a sedimentary rock may change to ________________near the surface, but become _________________ deep inside a mountain. Metamorphic Changes Can Occur Over Small Areas _______________ can push into rocks underground, or surface rocks can be covered by____________ flow. The ____________ or_______________ heats the rocks causing _____________________________ change. The rocks are ________________but not squeezed. This heat can cause change in rocks from less than _________ meter to several ___________________meters. Most Metamorphic Rocks Develop Bands of Minerals A common property of _____________________rock is called ________________________ _____________________is the arrangement of ___________________ in flat or wavy _______________ bands. Foliation develops when rocks are under_______________________. Foliation occurs when minerals______________________________ out or line up in bands. Non-foliated Metamorphic Rocks ___________________________ rocks that do not show foliation are called _________________________ Metamorphic rocks may not show foliation because it is made up of only___________ type of mineral. Therefore, different ____________________ cannot ________________________ and line up in layers. ____________________is one common ____________________________ metamorphic rock. The second reason a ____________________________ rock may be ________________________ is because it has not been subjected to high ____________________________