Chapter 5
Study Guide
Section 1
 Vocabulary: Periodic Table
 Lavoisier- grouped known elements into categories: m,nm,g,earths
 How many elements had been discovered up until 1750-17
 Mendeleev (1860)
o # of known elements at his time-63
o what inspired his approach to the periodic table-solitaire
o made a “deck of cards”
o what patterns did he notice-similar properties in same column
o what was his final arrangement of the periodic table-rows increasing
mass, organized by properties
o what was missing in his table-undiscovered elements
o how did he predict undiscovered elements-used properties of
elements located near blanks
o was he the first to make a periodic table-no
o what does the placement of the elements reveal links between-atomic
structure of elements & their properties
o how were his predictions-accurate
o (section) he developed his table the discovery of what-gallium
Section 2
 Vocabulary: period, group, periodic law, atomic mass unit (amu), metals,
transition metals, nonmetals, metalloids
 How are sounds of musical notes related to the periodic table-periodic
pattern
 What does octa mean-8
 How is the modern periodic table arranged-increasing atomic number
 How are elements related in groups-similar properties
 Why is the gram measurement unit not useful for element mass-atom
extremely small
 What is the convenient way to compare masses of atoms-one isotope to serve
as standard
 Know the different ways to classify elements:
o 1st- based on their state at room temperature (know their location)
 solids
 liquids
 gases
nd
o 2 - naturally occurring or not
 which ones do not occur naturally-93 and higher
o 3rd- based on their general properties
 metals
 nonmetals
 metalloids

Metals: location, know characteristics (ex: what is ductile), where are the
transition metals (what is one property that many of the transition metals
share?)
 Nonmetals: location, know characteristics
 What is the most reactive nonmetal-fluorine
 Metalloids: where are they, characteristics
 How do elements vary across a period-become less metallic, atomic number
increase by 1
 Most reactive metals are where-left side (alkali metals)
 Most reactive nonmetals are where-right (halogen group)
Section 3- Representative Groups
 Vocabulary: valence electron, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, noble
gases
 Why is Hydrogen on the left side of the periodic table-bc of electron configuration,
not properties
 What is the difference between electrons and valence electrons electron is total #,
valence electron is # of electrons in highest occupied Energy level
 How does the number of valence electrons vary across a period-increases from L to
R
 Know the families (groups)
o Alkali Metals
 location
 # of valence electrons1
 reactivityhigh
 why are sodium and potassium stored under oil to keep from reacting
with air
o Alkaline Earth Metals
 Location
 # of valence electrons2
 Magnesium
 Key role in photosynthesis
 Mixture of Mg and other metals is strong as steel, but lighter
 Calcium
 Bones need it
 Calcium carbonate: Ca, C, O
 Chalk, limestone, coral, pearls
o Boron Family
 Location
 # of valence electrons3
 Aluminum is the most abundant metal in Earth’s crust
o Carbon Family
 Location
 # of valence electrons4
 Silicon is the 2nd most abundant element in Earth’s crust
o Nitrogen Family
o
o
o
o
o
 Location
 # of valence electrons5
 nitrogen and phosphorus are used in what fertilizer
Oxygen Family
 Location
 # of valence electrons6
 Oxygen is the most abundant element in Earth’s crust; ozone
 Sulfur: one of the first elements discovered
Halogens
 Location
 # of valence electrons7
 reactivity (high or low); which is most reactive-high, F
Noble Gases
 Location
 # of valence electrons, what is the exception 8, He 2
 characteristics
Lanthanide Series
 Location
Actinide Series
 Location