Name: ______________________________________________ Date ____________Period _________ ASSIGN
Water Unit Review Chapters 1-4
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Chapter 1
Water can exist as a __solid______, _____liquid______, and ____gas______ on Earth.
Freshwater makes up _3___% of all the water on Earth. Saltwater makes up _97__% of all water on Earth.
___Impermeable_____ substances stop water from flowing through. EXAMPLES: Quartz, Granite
2/3 of all freshwater is found frozen (__solid__ state) in ___icebergs_______ or __glaciers__________.
___Evaporation______, _Condensation____, and _Preciptation__ are all parts of the water cycle.
When temperature ___increases___, water changes from a liquid to a gas. This is called _evaporation_______.
The top portion of an aquifer that is saturates with water is called a(n) _water table______.
Water molecules stick to other water molecules in ____cohesion_____.
When the temperature ___decreases_____, water changes from a gas to a liquid. This is called _condensation__________.
____Permaeable____ substances allow water to flow through. EXAMPLES: rock, soil
Water is __polar______, or has a negative end and a positive end.
Aquifers provide __freshwater____ for humans.
Water with no dissolved salts is called _freshater____; water with dissolved salt is saltwater____.
Water molecules stick to other types of molecules in _adhesion_______.
__Cohesion and Surface Tension__ is what makes water bead up into drops. It is an attraction between polar__ molecules.
If an object is __less____ dense than water it floats, if it is _more___ dense, it sinks.
Water has a _high__ specific heat, meaning it takes a lot of __energy___ to heat it up.
About _29_% of the Earth is covered with land and about __71_% of the Earth’s surface is covered with water.
On Earth, water flows from divides into areas known as ___drainage basins___________.
Water that collects and moves beneath Earth’s surface is called __groundwater___________________.
As water seeps into the ground, it is stopped by a layer of __impermeable rock_____________________.
The process in which water falls from clouds is called _precipitation_______________________.
A hole that is dug into the ground to extract water from an aquifer is called a(n) __well___.
An increase of nutrients in a lake or pond that causes algae to grow is called _eutrophication____________.
On Earth, water that flows off the side of the land and into a drainage basin is known as _runoff______.
An area that determines the direction of water flow is called a(n)___divide__________.
__Buoyancy_____ is the force that pushes up on an object in liquid (water).
__Turbidity_____ is how clear the water is.
The formula for density is ___m/v______. The density of water is ___1 g/ml____ (include units).
What 3 things are needed for an aquifer to form? Permaeable layer, Impermeable layer, source of water ( rain)
Chapter 2
Dams____ are built across rivers to help control the water, but interfere with _migration of_____ fish.
1. Most people get their water from aquifers______. How long do they take to form? __thousands of years___________
2. Point-source pollution is __easy__ to locate. Many ___laws___ are put into place to prevent this pollution.
3. The type of pollution that causes most water pollution is _non-point source________ pollution.
4. An example of ____point source______ pollution is an oil spill.
5. An example of __non- point source______ pollution is runoff from nearby farms or yards.
6. We can conserve water in three ways: ____Reduce_____, __Reuse_____, and Recycle___________.
7. Two additional sources of fresh water are __glaciers__________ and ____icebergs____.
8. The _copncentration___ determines whether the levels of chemicals in the water are safe for human consumption.
9. ___Septic systems_____ are used to treat wastewater in rural areas.
10. The process of removing salt from salt water is known a desalination____________________.
11. Long periods of time with unusually low amounts of precipitation are known as ___drought______.
12. The business of raising and harvesting fish in a controlled setting is called ____aquaculture_________.What are some negative
effects of this? pollution
13. The unit for concentration is _PPM________or __parts per million_____.
14. ____Sewage Systems_________ are used to treat wastewater in urban areas.
15. The use of water to grow crops is called __irrigation______________.
16. ___Reuse_________ and __Recycle or Reduce_____________ are the two main solutions to water shortages.
17. The concentration________ of a solution is how much solute has been dissolved in the solvent.
18. __Drought_____ and population increase____ decrease our limited freshwater supplies.
19. The pH of water should be close to _7_____.
20. List 2 water quality indicators and explain how they help us tell how safe the water is. Bioindicatios, pH, Turbidity,Nitrate
Concentration
21.Dangerous chemicals are only allowed in low __concentrations____________ because of the damage they cause.
22.What is the difference between economic water scarcity and physical water scarcity? Economic- can have water if can afford,
Physical- no physical water available
Chapter 3
1. The higher the salinity is in ocean water the higher the ___density______________ will be.
2. The three layers of the ocean based on temperature: surface layer, __thermocline________, _deep zone________.
3. We use _sonar_______ (sound waves) to map out the ocean floor.
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As you travel further down into the ocean the temperature __decrease________.
A __current_______ is a mass of moving water.
There are two types of currents _surface_currents__________and___deep currents________________.
__Deep_____currents move nutrients to the surface and mix oxygen within the ocean.
__Wind____causes surface currents which move ___warm_ water away from the equator and __cold___ water away from the
poles.
9. _Increased_____rainfall can cause ocean salinity to decrease.
10. Waves in the ocean transfer _energy___, while currents move _water______.
11. The density of __fresh___water is less than the density of _salt_____water. (fresh or salt)
12. __Moon’s gravity__ causes the tides in the ocean.
13. Currents distribute __heat__ and __water______ around the world.
14. _Spring___tides are extreme tides, _Neap___tides are minimal tides.
15. When the sun, the moon, and the earth are not in line you will have Spring________tide.
16. When the sun, the moon, and the earth are in line you will have _Neap_____tide.
17. The difference between high and low tide is called a _Tidal Range_____________.
18. The __Gulf__ Stream____ moves warm water towards Great Britain creating a mild climate.
19. __Tidal Dams____ creates electricity from the moving of water during high and low tides.
Chapter 4
1. Organisms that live in the ___Intertidal Zone____ must be able to live in and out of the water.
2. Crabs, shrimp, tubeworms, and bacteria can all call ___Hydrothermal Vents_______ their home.
3. Tiny, plantlike organisms that undergo photosynthesis are called___Phytoplankton_________.
4. __Salt Marshes____ and__Mangrove Forest______ are two types of wetlands.
5. What are Marine Protected Areas and why are they good? To help lower fish populations reproduce and repopulate.
6. This type of wetland is found in warm tropical regions and is home to many trees:__mangrove forest______.
7. Fresh water from _rivers____ meets salt water from the _oceans___ in environments called__estuaries_____.
8. The open ocean is divided into two zones:___Surface_Zones______and__Deep Zones_____________.
9. __Desalination from saltwater________ is a nonliving resource that some countries use as their source for drinking water.
10. Coral rely on _sunlight_______ for food.
11. _Runoff_______ is the source of most pollution in the ocean waters.
12. Mercury______is one of the harmful chemicals found in some fish that live in the ocean.
13. A species that has a greater-than-expected effect on an ecosystem is called a __Keystone____ species. What happens if you
remove them? Give an example.
Killer Whales, it will affect all the other animals in their food web.
14. What are dead zones? What causes them? Areas whereno plants or animals live due to pollution
15. Describe an ocean food web. Organisms in the ocean that are linked by what they eat and what eats them
16. What kind of water holds more gas? ___cold, salt water_____________________________________________________
17. Why is carbon dioxide important in the ocean? The plants use it
18. Explain how the ocean affects climate. Give examples. Surface currents distribute temperature and winds, which affect the
worlds climate
19. What is overfishing and why is it a problem? Catching fish faster that they can reproduce.
20. What is by-catch? Portion of animals that are caught in a net then thrown away because unwanted
21. Why is pollution in one area of the ocean a problem for everyone? Currents move the pollution around
22. Explain the process of drilling for oil in the ocean.
23. What are some good things about tourism? Bad things? What about ecotourism?