Genetics Unit Test
Need-to-Know List-Academic Biology
Keystone Eligible Content:
B211 Describe and/or predict observed patterns of inheritance (ie dominant, recessive, co-dominance,
incomplete dominance, sex-linked, polygenic, and multiple alleles).
B122 Explain the functional relationship between DNA, genes, alleles, and chromosomes and their roles
in inheritance.
B212 Describe process that can alter composition or number of chromosomes (ie crossing-over,
nondisjunction, duplication, translocation, deletion, insertion, and inversion).
B231 Describe how genetic mutations alter the DNA sequence and may or may not affect the phenotype
(eg silent, nonsense, frameshift)
B241 Explain how genetic engineering has impacted the fields of medicine, forensics, and agriculture (eg
selective breeding, gene splicing, cloning, genetically modified organisms, gene therapy).
I.
Mendel
a.
Principles of Genetics
i. Principle of Inheritance
ii. Principle of Dominance
iii. Principle of Segregation
iv. Principle of Independent Assortment
b. Generations –P1, F1, F2 etc.
c.
Principles of probability
i. Punnett Square – monohybrids and dihybrids
ii. Ratios
iii. Probability Rule
d. Phenotype v. Genotype
e.
Traits
i. Alleles
ii. Gene locus
iii. Heterozygous
iv. Homozygous
v. Dominant
vi. Recessive
II.
Alternate Patterns of Inheritance and examples
a.
Incomplete Dominance
b. Co-Dominance (ex: blood typing)
c.
Multiple Alleles
d. Polygenic Traits
e.
Sex-Linked inheritance
Genetics Unit Test
Need-to-Know List-Academic Biology
i. Environmental effects
III.
Chromosomal Mutations
a.
Structure
1.
Point/ Frameshift
ii. Gene Mutations
1.
Nonsense substitution
2. Silent substitution
3. Missense substitution
4. Deletion
5. Insertion/Addition
iii. Chromosomal Mutations
1.
Translocation
2. Inversion
3. Deletion
4. Duplication
b. Number
i. Nondisjunction
ii. Monosomy
iii. Trisomy
iv. polyploidy
IV.
Karyotyping
a.
Detect chromosomal mutation or abnormalities
b. Human Karyotype 46 chromosomes/23 pairs
i. 22 autosomal
ii. 1 sex chromosome pair
V.
Human Pedigree
a.
Symbols and mapping rules
b. Patterns of inheritance
VI.
Biotechnology
a.
Genetic engineering
b. Genetically modified organism
c.
Gene therapy
d. Gene splicing
e.
Cloning
i. DNA cloning
ii. Reproductive cloning
iii. Therapeutic cloning
1.
STEM cells