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Study Guide – Ecosystems
Chapter 1, Lesson 1:
 A system is a group of parts working together as one.
Chapter 2, Lesson 2:
 An Ecosystem is a group of living things and their environment (where they
meet their needs)
 Population is a group of the same species, living in the same place at the
same time.
 A community is all the populations living in the same area.
 Nonliving parts of an ecosystem (5):
o Sunlight
o Soil
o Air
o Water
o Temperature
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
 Three levels of a food chain:
o Producers (plants)
o Consumers (eat living things)
o Decomposers (break down dead animal and plant matter and release
nutrients back into the soil so cycle can begin again)
 Food Web – overlapping food chains (Example: Our food chain might overlap
with a bear’s because we both eat salmon)
Chapter 1, Lesson 4
 Coral Reefs and Tropical Rain Forests are similar because..
o they both are located near the equator and have water
o they both are homes to thousands of species of living things
o they both provide important resources found nowhere else
 Examples of resources: plants used in medicine, spices, fruits,
wood, coral for decorations, jewelry, tropical fish, etc.
Chapter 1, Lesson 5
 The ocean can be divided into 3 zones of life
o Intertidal (closest to beach)
o Near-Shore (starts at low tide and goes out; not too deep, sunlight
reaches bottom)
o Open-Ocean (deepest part of ocean; water doesn’t reach the bottom)
Chapter 2, Lesson 1
 Slow Changes to an Ecosystem:
o Erosion
o Climate change
o Succession-one community replaces another (where a pond used to be
the home to a beaver, after years it’s now dried up land and home to
squirrels, chipmunks, raccoons, etc.)
 Rapid Changes to an Ecosystem:
o Hurricanes
o Tornadoes
o Volcanoes
o Forest fires
Chapter 2, Lesson 2
 Human Damage:
o Chemicals
o Cutting down trees
 How can we repair Ecosystems?
o Fish ladders (help fish over dams)
o Reclamation (repairing damage)
o Adding to Ecosystems (parks)
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
 Conserve (keep from wasting) Resources:
o Reduce (use less)
o Reuse
o Recycle
o Redesign
 Preserve (protection of an area) Resources:
o Laws
o Get involved