Name: _______________________
Date: ______________ Period:_____
Chapter 12.4: The Mexican Revolution
Santa Anna and the Mexican War
Santa Anna played a leading role in Mexico’s fight for independence from
Spain in 1821.
In 1833, Santa Anna became Mexico’s President.
The Texas Revolt
In the 1820’s, Mexico encouraged American citizens to move to the
Mexican territory of Texas to help populate the country.
As the Anglo population grew, tensions developed between the colonists
and Mexico over several issues, including slavery and religion.
Santa Anna won the Battle of the Alamo, but Sam Houston won the Battle
of San Jacinto.
War and the Fall of Santa Anna
In 1845, the United States annexed Texas.
The United States invaded Mexico
In 1848, the two nations signed the Treaty of Guadalupe- Hidalgo.
The United States received the northern third of what was then Mexico,
including California and the American Southwest.
Juarez and La Reforma
Benito Juarez was a liberal reformer, who grew up as a poor, orphaned
Zapotec Indian.
Benito Juarez Rises to Power
Juarez was raised on a small farm in the Mexican state of Oaxaca.
Juarez started going to school at age 15, and eventually became a lawyer
and served as governor of the state of Oaxaca in 1847.
Juarez Works for Reform
Redistribution of land, separation of church and state, and increased
educational opportunities were among the goals of La Reforma.
1853, Juarez was sent into exile by Santa Anna.
The French Invade Mexico
Conservative rebels fought against the liberal government.
Juarez was officially elected president in 1861.
Exiled conservatives plotted with some Europeans to reconquer Mexico.
In 1862 France, led by Napoleon III, sent a large army to Mexico.
France took over the country and Austrian archduke, Maximilian was
appointed Emperor of Mexico
Juarez and other Mexicans fought against French rule.
French withdrew in 1867 and Juarez was reelected President.
Porfirio Diaz and “Order and Progress”
In the mid-1870’s, the new caudillo, Porfirio Diaz came to power with the
support of the military.
Diaz offered land, power, or political favors to anyone who supported him.
His official slogan was Order and Progress.
The rich got richer and the poor got poorer.
Revolution and Civil War
In the early 1900’s, Mexicans from many walks of life began to protest
Diaz’s harsh rule.
Madero Begins the Revolution
Francisco Madero was educated in the United States and France.
Madero was arrested and called for an armed revolution against Diaz.
Francisco “Pancho” Villa was an immensely popular leader who took
money from the rich and gave it to the poor in the North.
Emiliano Zapata worked in the South and wanted land returned to
peasants and small farmers.
By Spring of 1911, Diaz agreed to step down and called for new elections.
Mexican Leaders Struggle for Power
Francisco Madero was elected President in November 1911, but soon
resigned and was murdered.
General Victoriano Huerta then took over, but was unpopular and
overthrown after 15 months.
Venustiano Carranza took over the government and then turned on Villa
and Zapata…luring Zapata into a trap and murdering him.
The New Mexican Constitution
New Constitution was adopted in 1917.
Promoted education, land reforms, and worker’s rights.
In 1920, Carranza was overthrown by his former general, Alvaro Obregon.
Public education was supported.
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