Clinical Cheat Sheet-Diabetes (Type II)
Screening1
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
CDC recommends screening at 25
American Diabetes Association recommends screening at 45
Signs/Symptoms1
 Polyuria (excessive urination)
 Polydipsia (excessive thirst)
 Polyphagia (excessive hunger)
 Recurrent blurred vision
Red Flags1
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
Fatigue
Nausea


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Weakness, fatigue, dizziness
Causal (any time of day regardless of last meal)
glucose level of ≥200 mg/dl
Dizziness, lightheadedness
Paraesthesia, numbness – especially in feet
Clinical Guidelines1
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If blood sugar is <100 mg/dL have patient eat or drink fast acting glucose (fruit or fruit drink) and resume
exercise when sugar is above 100.
If blood sugar is >250 do not exercise for risk of ketoacidosis
Advise patients diagnosed with type II diabetes to complete at least 150 minutes of aerobic physical activity per
week
Participate in resistance training at least two times per week
Lab/Medical Tests1


Plasma glucose:70-100, 80-110 (60+)
Glucose tolerance test: Fasting ≥126, 2hr
≥200mg/dl (≥7.0, ≥11.1 mmol/L)


Urine ketones-present (should be few)
Hemoglobin A1C – normal is 4-6%, increased
with diabetes
o
o
Intermediate acting (Humulin N, Novolin N)
Long acting (Lantus, Levemir)
Medications
Insulin1




1.
2.
Types
o Rapid acting (Apidra, Novolog)
o Short acting (Humulin R, Novolin R)
Indications2
o Type 2 diabetes
Contraindications2
o Hypoglycemia
o Kidney disease
Side effects2
o Hypoglycemia
o Insulin allergy
 Itching rash all over body
 Wheezing or trouble breathing
 Tachycardia
o Hyperkalemia
o
o
Liver disease
Thyroid problems


Sweating
Feeling faint
Humulin R. Rx List website. RxList Inc. http://www.rxlist.com/humulin-r-drug/indications-dosage.htm
Goodman CC, Fuller KS. Pathology: Implications for the physical therapist. 3rd ed. St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier; 2009.