Question
Outcome
Label each of the layers of the Earth:
1
1
Which layers are solid and which layers are liquid?
2
1
3
1
Which layer is hottest and which is coolest?
What material is the inner core made of?
Draw the type of movement that occurs at a transform boundary between
tectonic plates
4
2
What is the difference between a convergent and divergent boundary of
tectonic plates?
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6
7
2
2
3
Label the below diagram of a volcano
123457
67-
What property of lava determines whether a volcano forms into a shield or
cone shape?
Using the key words below to describe what causes tectonic plates to move
(density, temperature, convection). Draw a diagram to aid your description.
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4
9
5
Name the device used to measure earthquake severity
What causes earthquakes?
10
5
What are the three types of folds? Draw a picture of each one.
11
6
Which type of fault causes the surface of the land to be shortened? Which
type of fault causes the surface of the land to be increased?
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6
13
7
Which layer of the Earth is prone to weathering and erosion?
"Weathering and erosion are different words for the same thing"
What is wrong with the sentence above? Explain
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7
15
7
16
8
List the following methods of weathering as physical (mechanical) or chemical
1. Rain bombarding a rock surface 2. Large changes in temperature 3.Chemicals in a river dissolving rocks 4. Sand in a river grinding against rocks 5. Water freezing into ice, causing expansion 6. Acid rain Name two natural processes that can cause erosion.
Read the below paragraph and fill in the blanks
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7
______________ takes place as rocks are __________ into progressively
smaller pieces by the effects of weather. These pieces ________ move to a
new location, they simply break down. Weathering is caused by water, as it
freezes and thaws, as well as by __________reactions that loosen the bonds
holding rocks together.
Weathering is most common at the _________ where exposed bedrock meets
the atmosphere.
List three properties that all minerals must have:
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9
Which of the following are minerals?
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9
Gold, Quartz, Marble, Ice, Water, Air, Limestone,
Below is Moh's Scale of Hardness
Hardness Mineral
20
21
10
10
1
Talc
2
Gypsum
3
Calcite
4
Fluorite
5
Apatite
6
Feldspar
7
Quartz
8
Topaz
9
Corundum
10
Diamond
Approximate the hardness, using the scale above, of the following materials:
1. Material A scratches fluorite and is scratched by apatite.
2. Material B scratches everything softer than Topaz
3. Material X Supreme scratches calcite and apatite and is scratched by quartz
and diamond
Johnny rubbed a crystal of yellow topaz against a plate which left a white
mark behind. Johnny told Sally to write down that the colour of the topaz
must be white.
Do you agree? Why/Why not?
List three properties that all rocks must have:
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11
Fill in the appropriate word in each of the boxes.
Rocks
Formed by cementing of
smaller particles
Formed by heat and pressure
Formed by cooling of molten rock
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11, 12,
13, 16
Sedimentary
Igneous
Cooled on the surface
Extrusive
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Metamorphic
Cooled under the surface
Intrusive
What can affect the size of the crystals found in a rock? Where do you think
the largest crystals form?
Draw and name two crystal shapes.
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15
The pictures on the left represent
the four stages of forming
sedimentary rocks.
(note: nature doesn't use trucks!)
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16
27
17
28
18
Put a word in each box which
describes each step.
Fill in the blanks in the table below which refers to the rock cycle
Starting type of rock
Process
Final type of rock
Igneous
Metamorphic
Metamorphic
Weathering and Erosion
Sedimentary
Igneous
Metamorphic
Heat and Pressure
Igneous
Sedimentary
Label the following types of fossils as cast, mold, trace or true form
Foot print in rock Imprint in rock showing a shell shape Petrified (turned to stone) dinosaur bone Egyptian mummy Egg shells Insect preserved in sap Arrange these steps in the correct order required to make a cast fossil:
Soft tissue decays
Organism is buried quickly under sedimentary rock
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19
Mold fossil replaced by minerals into shape of bones by water action
Bones washed away by water action
Organism dies
Write down what the "law of superposition" means.
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20
Comparing the two profiles of rock strata from different sites below, answer
the following questions.
1. Which layer is the oldest?
2. Which layer is the youngest?
3. Each fossil is of a type of fish that lived from 1.5 million years ago up to 500,
000 years ago. Which layers were formed while the species of fish lived?
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21
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
AVAVAVAVAVAVAVAVA
OOOO--FOSSIL--OOOO
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
WMWMWMWMWMW
WMWWMWMWMWM
//////////////////////
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
*******************
///////--FOSSIL--////////
Name the three steps of soil formation.Describe what occurs in each step.
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22
Some of the major constituents (parts) of soil are humus, water and air.
Describe why each of these constituents are beneficial to have in soil.
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