Intro to Sensation and Perception
Bottom-up processing
Thresholds:
absolute-
signal detection theory-
subliminal stimulation-
difference (Weber’s Law)-
Sensory adaptation
Selective attention
inattentional blindness
change blindness
pop-out phenomenon
Top-down processing
Vision
What is transduction? Why is it necessary?
wavelength=hue
amplitude=brightness
The eye
Pupil
Iris
Lens
Retina
-rods and cones
-optic nerve
-blindspot
-fovea
Feature detectors
Visual Information Processing
Parallel processing
Color Vision
Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory
Opponent-process theory
Color constancy
Hearing
Stimulus-sound waves
Parts of the Ear
Outer ear (funnel for sound)
auditory canal
Middle ear
eardrum
hammer, anvil, stirrup
Inner ear
cochlea
oval window
basilar membrane
hair cells
auditory nerve
Perception of pitch
Hearing loss and deaf culture
place theory (Helmholtz)-
conduction hearing loss
frequency theory-
sensorineural hearing loss
Sound location
Cochlear implants
Sensory compensation
The “Other” Senses
Touch
Pain:
Gate-control theory
Biological influence
Psychological influence
Social-cultural influence
Influence of memories
Taste
taste receptors
sensory interaction
(rare form of interaction-synaesthesia)
Smell (olfaction)
Brain region (red) for
smell is closely
connected with brain
regions (limbic
system) involved
with memory, that is
why strong
memories are made
through the sense of
smell.
Body position and movement
Kinesthesis (the system for sensing the body parts’ position and movement)
Vestibular sense
(the sense of body movement and position, includes balance)
Perceptual Organization
Organization Principles
gestalt
Form perception
figure-ground
grouping
Depth perception
visual cliff
binocular cues:
retinal disparity
convergence
monocular cues:
relative size
interposition
relative height
relative motion
relative clarity
linear perspective
texture gradient
light and shadow
Motion perception
phi phenomenon
Perceptual constancy
shape and size constancies
size-distance
An Ames room is designed to give size-distance illusion.
Lightness constancy
The color and brightness of square A and B are the same.
Perceptual Interpretation
Sensory deprivation and restored vision
The role of experience and “critical periods”
Perceptual adaptation (goggles)
Perceptual Set—what do you see?
Role of schemas
Concept effects
Perception and the human factor
human factor psychologists
natural mapping
Extra sensory perception
telepathy
clairvoyance
precognition
psycho kinesis