How Do We Make
Compounds?
Why do atoms bond?
Octet Rule: Every atom wants 8 electrons
to fill the valence shell (outer most shell)
 Ion: Charged atom (Ca+2)
 Polyatomic Ion: Two or more atoms
bonded together to form an ion (SO4-2)
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What are Ionic, Covalent and
Metallic Bonds?
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Ionic Bond: An electron is
transferred from one
element to another
(metal to nonmetal)
Covalent Bond: Electrons
are shared (nonmetal to
nonmetal)
Metallic Bond: Sea of
electrons (Metal to
Metal)
How Do We Name Molecular
(covalent) Molecules?
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Name the first
element
Keep the root of the
2nd element, drop
the ending & add
“ide”
Now add the
prefixes
The first element
does not need the
prefix mono
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Prefixes:



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Mono (1)
Di (2)
Tri (3)
Tetra (4)
Penta (5)
Hexa (6)
Hepta (7)
Octa (8)
Nona (9)
Deca (10)
Name CO2
 Name CCl4

How Do We Name Ionic
Compounds?
Name the first element. Use the root of
2nd element and add “ide” (no prefixes)
 If there is a transition metal, determine
the charge and add Roman Numerals
 If there is a polyatomic ion, name the first
element and name the polyatomic ion.
 Name: CaCl2, FeO, NaOH

How Do We Determine
Empirical & Molecular
Formulas?
Empirical Formula: Chemical Formula that shows the
relative numbers and kinds of atoms in the simplest
ratio (CH2O)
 Molecular Formula: Chemical formula that shows the
actual number and kinds of atoms (C6H12O6)
 Structural Formula: Formula
that shows the location of
the atoms relative to one
another

Empirical Formula:
 Given a percent → Change to Mass
 Change Mass to Moles
 Determine the Ratio
 Molecular Formula:
 Same as above, then determine molar
mass of empirical formula
 Divide given mass/empirical mass
 Multiply empirical formula by that number
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