Unit 3: How to tell others your map location and direction ?
A. How do we tell the location by letters and numbers?

When a map is covered with squares, like a network of vertical lines and horizontal lines, we can use those letters and numbers marked on the vertical and horizontal lines to tell the location.
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Unit 3: How to tell others your map location and direction ?
B. How do we tell the location by grid references?
Grid lines

Are the vertical and horizontal lines which form the squares covering a map

Are marked with numbers

The vertical lines are called ‘ eastings ’

The horizontal lines are called ‘ northings
’
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Unit 3: How to tell others your map location and direction ?
Grid references

When we tell a location by grid reference, we need to give the number of the vertical easting first.

Then, give the number of the horizontal northing.
Example:
135 789 eastings number northings number
2 types of grid reference:
4-figure grid reference
6-figure grid reference
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Unit 3: How to tell others your map location and direction ?
4-figure grid reference

Composed of 4 number references

Tells the square in the map in which the place is located
Example:
Grid reference of the temple in Fig 3.3
is
1202
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6-figure grid reference

Unit 3: How to tell others your map location and direction ?
4-figure grid reference 6-figure grid reference

Composed of 4 number references

Tells the square in the map in which the place is located
Example:
Grid reference of the temple in Fig 3.3
is
1202

Composed of 6 number references

Tells the map location of a place more precisely
Example:
Grid reference of the temple in
123028
Fig 3.3
is
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Unit 3: How to tell others your map location and direction ?
C. What is a compass?
Compass

Helps you to find the direction

The coloured end of the compass needle always points towards north

The other end points towards south
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Unit 3: How to tell others your map location and direction ?
Using the compass

Put the compass on a flat place

Turn the compass slowly until the coloured end of the compass needle points to the letter ‘N’ and the black one points to the letter ‘S’

When the compass needle is resting in this position, we can use the compass to tell the direction of other places from us
 ‘ N’ means ‘north’
 ‘ S’ means ‘south’
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Unit 3: How to tell others your map location and direction ?
D. What are the sixteen points of the compass?

Totally, there are 16 directions marked on this compass

North (N), east (E), south (S) and west (W) are the cardinal points.

Northeast (NE), southeast (SE), southwest (SW) and northwest (NW) are the points half way between each of the cardinal points.

In order to give more accurate directions, the angles between each of these eight points are divided again to give totally 16 directions.
 These 16 directions are called ‘the sixteen points of the compass.
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Unit 3: How to tell others your map location and direction ?
E. How do we use whole circle bearing to tell direction?
Whole circle bearing

Can tell direction accurately

There are 360 ° in a compass circle

North is 0 ° ; East is 90 ° ; South is 180 ° and West is
270 ° .

Place a protractor on a map and measure the direction of a place clockwise from 0 °
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Unit 3: How to tell others your map location and direction ?
F. How do we use reduced bearing to tell direction?
Reduced bearing

Measure the angle to the east or west of the north or south line

Use degree ( ° ) as its unit, same as with the whole circle bearing
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Unit 3: How to tell others your map location and direction ?
Terms to learn:

Grid lines - the vertical and horizontal lines forming squares covering a map

Eastings - the vertical grid lines

Northings - the horizontal grid lines

Cardinal points - the four major compass points - north, east, south and west

Sixteen points of the compass - the 16 directions marked on a compass

Whole circle bearing - a method of telling direction by measuring the angle clockwise from 0 ° north

Reduced bearing - a method of telling direction by measuring the angle east or west of the north or south lines
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Compass
Unit 3: How to tell others your map location and direction ?
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Unit 3: How to tell others your map location and direction ?
How to find the whole circle bearing
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Unit 3: How to tell others your map location and direction ?
How to find the reduced bearing
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Unit 3: How to tell others your map location and direction ?
Fig. 3.3
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