Colonies
Colonies
Colony—
"a body of people who settle in a new locality, forming a
community subject to or connected with their parent state”;
maintaining the cultural, social, and political identities of
the mother country
Colonies
Reasons:
Citizen:
1. European wars—Spain, France,
2. Religious strife—Catholics, Protestants,
Puritans, civil war
3. Economic transformation—enclosure
movement
4.Land
Reasons:
Colonies
Nation/kingdom:
• Mercantilism
1. Wool industry products
sold abroad, but
particularly in the
Netherlands
2. Individual exporters
formed companies with
royal charters
3. Royal charters granted
monopolies in specific
regions
4. Investors in “trading”
companies became
wealthy
Colonies
Development of Mercantilism
1. Local feudal wars evolved into regional wars
dominated by competitive nations—Spain, France,
England, Holy Roman Empire
Colonies
Development of Mercantilism
Regional wars between “super powers” required
standing professional armies and navies
Colonies
Colonies
Mercantilism
Colonies
Question??
How can the monarch
raise enough money to
build, equip, and
maintain a large,
professional, standing
army and navy?
Colonies
Development of Mercantilism
2. The growth of
commercial and
industrial activity in
comparison to
agriculture
Did farming or
commercial/industrial
activities circulate
money faster?
Colonies
Development of Mercantilism
3. The increase in the volume and extent of trade
Colonies
Development of Mercantilism
4. The increase in the use of metallic monetary
systems (gold and silver coins) in comparison to
barter transactions
Colonies
Development of Mercantilism
1. Local feudal wars evolved into regional wars
dominated by competitive nations—Spain, France,
England, Holy Roman Empire
2. The growth of commercial and industrial activity in
comparison to agriculture
3. The increase in the volume and extent of trade
4. The increase in the use of metallic monetary
systems relative to barter transactions
Colonies
Question??
How can the monarch
raise enough money to
build, equip, and
maintain a large,
professional, standing
army and navy?
Colonies
Mercantilism
The Answer:
Obtain the largest
possible surplus of
gold and silver
Colonies
Mercantilism
Question??
•Where were the sources of gold and silver?
•How to obtain large amounts of gold and
silver?
•How to find sources of gold and silver that
continue to produce over long periods of
time?
Colonies
Development of Mercantilism
Marco Polo
Christopher Columbus
Hernan Cortes
Colonies
Mercantilism
Spanish Gold and Silver
Mines in the New World
Colonies
Mercantilism
Colonies
Mercantilism
Years
Gold (kilos)
Silver (kilos)
1503-1510
4.965
0
1511-1520
9.153
0
1521-1530
4.889
148
1531-1540
14.466
86.193
1541-1550
24.957
177.573
1551-1560
42.620
303.121
1561-1570
11.530
942.858
1571-1580
9.429
1.118.592
1581-1590
12.101
2.103.027
1591-1600
19.451
2.707.626
153.561
7.439.138
Colonies
Mercantilism
Years
Gold/Silver (Maravedíes)
1601-1605
10.981.524.600
1606-1610
14.132.343.150
1611-1615
11.037.654.220
1616-1620
13.550.688.000
1621-1625
12.154.805.325
1626-1630
11.229.536.925
1631-1635
7.699.884.430
1636-1640
7.341.570.900
1641-1645
6.193.711.121
1646-1650
5.296.746.150
Totals
99.618.464.825
Colonies
Mercantilism
Years
Gold/Silver (Maravedíes)
1651-1655
2.095.791.820
1656-1660
1.514.658.928
1661-1665
1.852.668.884
1666-1670
1.188.953.240
1671-1675
1.155.335.451
1676-1680
1.083.506.286
1681-1685
529.266.946
1686-1690
600.385.644
1691-1695
205.696.380
1696-1699
535.709.304
Totals:
10.761.972.883
Colonies
In practice, the Mercantile system worked as
follows:
• get the largest surplus of precious metals
• a country must have a favorable balance of export trade
1. If you can export more to your neighbor than he
exports to your own country
2. he will owe you money
3. obliged to send you some of his gold
4. hence you gain and he loses
Colonies
As a result of this economic belief, the
economic program of almost every
seventeenth century state was as follows:
1. Try to get possession of as many precious metals
as you can
2. Encourage foreign trade in preference to domestic
trade
3. Encourage those industries which change raw
materials into exportable finished products
Colonies
As a result of this economic belief, the
economic program of almost every
seventeenth century state was as follows:
4. Encourage a large population-- you will need
workmen for your factories
5. Let the State watch this process and interfere
whenever it is necessary to do so
Colonies
Mercantilism
Colonies
Mercantilism
early 1500’s
late 1500’s
1600’s
1700’s
Colonies
Mercantilism
Colonies
Mercantilism
Colonies
Mercantilism
Colonies
Mercantilism
Vera Cruz, Mexico
St. Augustine, Florida
Colonies
Mercantilism
Havana, Cuba
Lima, Peru
Colonies
Mercantilism
Colonies
Mercantilism
British North American colonies
Roanoke Colony, founded 1586
Virginia Company, chartered 1606
London Company
Jamestown Settlement, founded 1607.
Bermuda first settled in 1609
Citie of Henricopolis, founded in 1611
Plymouth Company
Popham Colony, founded 1607
Society of Merchant Venturers (Newfoundland)
Cuper's Cove, founded 1610
Bristol's Hope, founded 1618
London and Bristol Company (Newfoundland)
Renews, founded 1615
St. John's, Newfoundland, claimed for England by Sir Humphrey Gilbert in 1583
Plymouth Council for New England
Plymouth Colony, founded 1620
Ferryland, Newfoundland granted to George Calvert
Province of Maine, granted 1622
South Falkland, Newfoundland, founded 1623
Province of New Hampshire settled in 1623
Dorchester Company Colony in 1624
Salem Colony settled in 1628
Massachusetts Bay Colony founded 1629
Colonies
Mercantilism
Massachusetts Bay Colony founded 1629
New Scotland, 1629-1632
Connecticut Colony founded 1633
Province of Maryland founded in 1634
New Albion, chartered in 1634
Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, first settled in 1636
New Haven Colony, founded 1638
Province of New York, captured 1664
Province of New Jersey, captured in 1664
Rupert's Land founded in 1670
Province of Pennsylvania founded 1681
Delaware Colony separated from Pennsylvania in 1704
Carolina Colony
North Carolina, first settled 1586
Province of South Carolina in 1670.
Province of Georgia first settled in about 1670
Nova Scotia in 1629
Quebec, in 1759-1761
East Florida and West Florida, acquired from Spain in 1763
Prince Edward Island, separated from Nova Scotia 1769
New Brunswick, separated from Nova Scotia in 1784
Ontario, separated from Quebec in 1791 as Upper Canada
Vancouver Island, in 1843
New Caledonia in 1858.
Colonies
Mercantilism
British Caribbean colonies
Saint Kitts - in 1623
Barbados - The island was settled in 1625
Nevis - The island was permanently settled in 1628
Antigua - The island was settled in 1632.
Barbuda - The island was settled about 1632
Montserrat - The island was settled in 1632.
Bahamas - The islands were settled from 1647
Angular - The island was settled in 1650
Jamaica - The island was conquered from Spain in 1655
British Virgin Islands - The islands were settled from 1666
Turks and Caicos Islands - The islands were first permanently settled in the 1750s
Trinidad and Tobago - The island of Tobago was captured in 1762. The island of Trinidad
was captured from the Spanish in 1797
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Saint Vincent was colonized in 1762
Grenada - The island was conquered from France in 1762
Saint Lucia - The island was captured from the French in 1778
Cayman Islands - The islands were acquired from Spain in 1870
British Central and South American colonies
Belize - English adventurers starting in the mid-1600s
Mosquito Coast - This area was first settled in 1630
British Guiana - The English began colonies in the Guiana area in the early 17th century
Falkland Islands - The first British base of 1765 was abandoned in 1774
Colonies
Mercantilism
British Caribbean colonies
Saint Kitts - in 1623
Barbados - The island was settled in 1625
Nevis - The island was permanently settled in 1628
Antigua - The island was settled in 1632.
Barbuda - The island was settled about 1632
Montserrat - The island was settled in 1632.
Bahamas - The islands were settled from 1647
Angular - The island was settled in 1650
Jamaica - The island was conquered from Spain in 1655
British Virgin Islands - The islands were settled from 1666
Turks and Caicos Islands - The islands were first permanently settled in the 1750s
Trinidad and Tobago - The island of Tobago was captured in 1762. The island of Trinidad
was captured from the Spanish in 1797
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Saint Vincent was colonized in 1762
Grenada - The island was conquered from France in 1762
Saint Lucia - The island was captured from the French in 1778
Cayman Islands - The islands were acquired from Spain in 1870
British Central and South American colonies
Belize - English adventurers starting in the mid-1600s
Mosquito Coast - This area was first settled in 1630
British Guiana - The English began colonies in the Guiana area in the early 17th century
Falkland Islands - The first British base of 1765 was abandoned in 1774