Chapter 26 Section 4
The Continuing Cold War
Joseph McCarthy
Senator from Wisconsin
Warned of a Communist
infestation in the U.S.
Government
Claimed that as many as 205
communist spies were working for
the Secretary of State
Sparked anti-communist hysteria
Textbooks destroy him, but
remember…
Alger Hiss was a
communist spy…working for the
state department…
The Rosenbergs were just
found guilty of spying
Accused of being opportunistic,
The Soviets just built the
atomic and hydrogen bombs with
information obtained by spies
Senate formally condemns him
Is it possible he was on to
something?
a bully, and a liar
for being reckless
Villlianized
Note: Letters released by the
former Soviet Union in 1995 support
many of McCarthy’s claims
Joseph McCarthy
Something else to keep in
mind…
McCarthy was a member
of the Senate Permanent
Subcommittee on
Investigations
Their job was to
investigate the federal
government
Venona Project
Alger Hiss-State department
Released in 1995
Top secret document that
exposed Communist spies in
the U.S.
Made public after the
collapse of the Soviet Union
Harry Dexter White- Asst. Sec
of Treatury
Lauchin Currie-Personal
assistant to FDR
Laurence Duggan-head of
the Latin American desk at
the State Department
Frank Coe- U.S.
representative on the IMF
Solomon Adler- Senior
Treasury department official
Klaus Fuchs- Top atomic
scientist
Duncan Lee- Senior aid to
the head of the OSS
McCarthyism
Making
accusations
against
others that
can not be
proven or
supported
It is said McCarthy never
found any spies
T.A. Bisson
Mary Jane Keeney
Cedric Belfrage
Solomon Adler
Franz Neumann
Leonard Mins
Gustavo Duran
William Remington
Cold War in Asia
1953- Eisenhower brings the
Korean War to an end
With Stalin dead, and new,
more moderate leaders in
the Soviet Union, a solution
was more easily achieved
U.S. begins to aid France in
recovering their lost colony
in Vietnam
Vietnam eventually
separated, and the U.S.
aids the non-communist
South
Cold War in The Middle
East
Israel created in 1948 in
Palestine with help of the
UN
Arab assaulted the new
nation and their UN allies
Saw the territory as theirs
The U.S. supported Israel,
while the Soviets generally
supported the Arabs
Cold War in the Middle
East
U.S. backed groups that
overthrew a nationalistic,
communist-sympathizing
leader in Iran in exchange
for a pro-American Shah of
Iran
Cold War in the Middle
East
Suez Crisis
U.S. wanted to help Egypt
build a large dam along
the Nile River
Turns out the Egyptian
President, Gamal Nasser
was also seeking Soviet
Support
U.S. cut off aid
Egypt closes British-owned
Suez Cana as a response
Vital for trade
Britain, France, and Egypt
attack Egypt to open canal
Soviets threaten Western
Europe
Eisenhower urges NATO
allies to withdraw from
Egypt
Canal opened back up
But under Egyptian
control
Eisenhower Doctrine
The United States would aid
any Middle eastern nation
being threatened by
Communism.
Cold War in Latin
America
Supported pro-American
governments in Latin
America
Suppressed Communist
influences
1947 Rio Pact with 18 Western
Hemisphere nations as a
regional defense alliance
1948- Formed Organization of
American States to increase
cooperation in the
hemisphere
1954- U.S. backed rebels
overthrow govmt. of
Guatemala due to
perceived Communistic
Arms Race
Struggle to gain weapons
superiority
Most dangerous aspect of
the Cold War
Deterrence
The policy of making the
military power of the U.S.
and its allies so strong that
no enemy would dare
attack for fear of retaliation
U.S. conducted 19
hydrogen bomb tests
between 1954 and 1958
Brinkmanship
The willingness to go to the
edge of war for the
purpose of maintaining
peace.
Used a great deal by the
Eisenhower Administration
How did the policy of deterrence
influence U.S. actions during the
Cold War?
It allowed U.S. Secretary of
State John Foster Dulles to
use brinkmanship as a
strategy
Put the U.S. in diplomatic
positions where
threatening to apply
military force presented
the danger of starting a
war
ICBM
Intercontinental Ballistic
Missile
Long range rockets
Mastered by the Soviets
The U.S. initially lagged
behind in their
development
Sputnik
The world’s first artificial
satellite in Earth’s orbit
The realization that the
rocket used to launch
Sputnik could carry a
hydrogen bomb to
American shores added
to American shock and
fear.
U-2 Incident
American spy plane shot
down in Soviet territory.
Eisenhower lied about what
it actually was…but the
Soviets had the
wreckage…and the
pilot…alive…whoops
Ends Eisenhower’s
effectiveness as a
peacemaker by angering
new Soviet Leader Nikita
Khrushchev
How did Sputnik and the U-2
incident affect American public
opinion and policy?
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