THE MIDDLE COLONIES
Ch. 2.5
OBJECTIVES
Explain how Dutch New Netherland became
English New York.
Describe William Penn’s relationship with
Indians in Pennsylvania.
Compare and contrast the Pennsylvania Colony
to other colonies.
KEY PARTS
Dutch Establish New Netherland
New Sweden Is Founded
The English Conquest
William Penn Founds Pennsylvania
Diversity In the Middle Colonies
READ SECTION 2.5
Take 15 min to read over the section.
As you read compare and contrast the push and
pull factor.
Also explain some of the Christian values that
William Penn expresses in this section.
DUTCH ESTABLISH NEW NETHERLAND
In 1609 Dutch merchants sent ships across the
Atlantic into the Hudson River to trade for furs
with the Indians.
They establish a permanent settlement at Fort
Nassau. (later called fort orange)
To guard the mouth of the river the Dutch built
New Amsterdam at the tip of Manhattan Island
in 1625
CONT.
New Amsterdam had the finest harbor on the
Atlantic coast.
Largest town in the colony’s thus far and a major
seaport.
Also they constructed government headquarters.
The Dutch did not send out any missionary effort
to convert Indians to Christianity like the
English, French and Spanish.
PUSH AND PULL FACTORS
Despite an appealing location and religious
tolerance the Dutch colony attracted few
immigrants.
The Dutch did not have any real push factors due
to the fact they were used to and able to have a
high standard of living in their country.
The colonies did not offer much pull factor to the
Dutch because they didn’t have very much
religious persecution and hundreds of roaming
poor people.
SWEDEN IS FOUNDED
In 1683 traders founded New Sweden on the
lower Delaware River.
This was a dual economy with fur and grain
goods.
Some of the colonists were Swedes but most were
from Finland under Swedish rule.
Expanded to both sides of the Delaware River but
were not able to hold this land with only 500
colonist.
They were forced to surrender by a Dutch
governor with seven warships.
ENGLISH CONQUEST
In 1664 the Dutch took over New Netherland and
called it New York after the Duke of York.
This was a proprietary colony.
New Amsterdam became the city of New York
and Fort Orange became Albany.
The Duke of York also proclaimed the land
between the Hudson and Delaware rivers as a
distinct new colony called New Jersey, primarily
made up of Puritans, Scots and Quakers.
WILLIAM PENN FOUNDS PENNSYLVANIA
It began as a debt paid to William Penn by King
Charles II.
William Penn was a very wealthy Quaker, which
is atypical to what is considered a normal
Quaker.
Quakers sought out the “inner light” to
understand the Bible. They also considered
women spiritually equal to men.
CONT.
In 1680 the king granted Penn the land west of
the Delaware River as the colony of
Pennsylvania. (Penn’s Woods)
In 1682 Penn arrived with 2000 colonists to his
new capital of Philadelphia.
By 1700 the colonist reached 17,000 due to the
fertile land and navigable river.
Unlike other colonial leaders, Penn treated the
Native Americans with respect and paid them for
the land that he took.
DIVERSITY IN THE MIDDLE COLONIES
The middle colonies were the most ethnically
diverse out of all the colonies.
There was no one single ethnic group or specific
religious denomination in most all of the middle
colonies.
This diversity violated traditional belief that
political order depended on ethnic and religious
uniformity.
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